Understanding Verbal Expressions
Verbal expression questions test your ability to choose the most appropriate response in a given situation. You'll hear a statement or question, then select the best reply from three options. Success requires understanding context, social relationships, formality levels, and Japanese communication patterns.
๐ฏ Key Strategies for Verbal Expressions
1. Question Format
- You hear a situation described (ๅ้ก็จ็ด)
- You hear someone speak (้ณๅฃฐ)
- Choose most appropriate response from 3 options
2. What to Consider
- Relationship (superior/subordinate, close/distant)
- Formality level (casual/polite/respectful)
- Situation context (work, school, home, store)
- Speaker's intention (request, offer, apology, refusal)
- Cultural appropriateness
3. Common Situation Types
- Requests (ไพ้ ผ)
- Offers (็ณใๅบ)
- Apologies (่ฌ็ฝช)
- Refusals (ๆญใ)
- Invitations (่ชใ)
- Gratitude (ๆ่ฌ)
- Opinions (ๆ่ฆ)
4. Key Factors
- Too casual โ inappropriate for formal situations
- Too formal โ awkward with friends/family
- Indirect refusal โ more polite in Japanese
- Humble expressions โ when speaking of yourself
- Respectful expressions โ when speaking of others
5. Response Types to Know
- Accepting: ใฏใใๅใใใพใใ / ใใใงใใ
- Refusing politely: ็ณใ่จณใใใพใใ / ใกใใฃใจ...
- Thanking: ใใใใจใใใใใพใ / ๅฉใใใพใ
- Apologizing: ใใฟใพใใ / ็ณใ่จณใใใใพใใ
- Expressing interest: ใใใงใใ / ใใใฏ้ข็ฝใใงใใญ
๐ผ Practice Scenario 1: Workplace Request
Listening Setup
ใ็ถๆณใ
ไผ็คพใงใไธๅธใ้จไธใซ่ฉฑใใฆใใพใใ
ใ้ณๅฃฐใ
็ฐไธญใใใๆๆฅใฎไผ่ญฐใฎ่ณๆใไปๆฅไธญใซใณใใผใใฆใใใฆใใใ๏ผ
ใ้ธๆ่ขใ
1. ใใใใใใใ
2. ใฏใใๆฟ็ฅใใพใใใ
3. ใใใใ ใชใ
Analysis
ๆญฃ่งฃ๏ผ2
Correct Answer: 2 - ใฏใใๆฟ็ฅใใพใใ (Yes, understood)
Reasoning:
Relationship: ไธๅธ โ ้จไธ (superior to subordinate)
Setting: ไผ็คพ (workplace)
Request type: Work task from boss
Option 1: ใใใใใใ (Yeah, okay)
- Too casual for boss
- ใใ is very informal
- ใใใ sounds like granting permission, not accepting instruction
Option 2: ใฏใใๆฟ็ฅใใพใใ (Yes, understood) โ
- Polite and appropriate
- ๆฟ็ฅใใพใใ = formal acknowledgment commonly used at work
- Shows respect to superior
Option 3: ใใใใ ใช (Huh, I don't want to)
- Extremely rude to boss
- ใใ = childish refusal
- Completely inappropriate
Key point: To superior at work = use polite/formal language
Reasoning:
Relationship: ไธๅธ โ ้จไธ (superior to subordinate)
Setting: ไผ็คพ (workplace)
Request type: Work task from boss
Option 1: ใใใใใใ (Yeah, okay)
- Too casual for boss
- ใใ is very informal
- ใใใ sounds like granting permission, not accepting instruction
Option 2: ใฏใใๆฟ็ฅใใพใใ (Yes, understood) โ
- Polite and appropriate
- ๆฟ็ฅใใพใใ = formal acknowledgment commonly used at work
- Shows respect to superior
Option 3: ใใใใ ใช (Huh, I don't want to)
- Extremely rude to boss
- ใใ = childish refusal
- Completely inappropriate
Key point: To superior at work = use polite/formal language
๐ช Practice Scenario 2: Store Situation
Listening Setup
ใ็ถๆณใ
ๅบใงใๅบๅกใๅฎขใซ่ฉฑใใฆใใพใใ
ใ้ณๅฃฐใ
ใๅฎขๆงใใใฎๅๅใฏไปใ20%ใชใใซใชใฃใฆใใใพใใ
ใ้ธๆ่ขใ
1. ใใใใใใใ่ฒทใใชใใ
2. ใธใใใๅพใงใใญใๆค่จใใพใใ
3. ใใใใใชใ
Analysis
ๆญฃ่งฃ๏ผ2
Correct Answer: 2 - ใธใใใๅพใงใใญใๆค่จใใพใ (Oh, that's a good deal. I'll consider it)
Reasoning:
Relationship: ๅบๅก โ ๅฎข (clerk to customer)
Setting: ๅบ (store)
Statement type: Information about discount
Option 1: ใใใใใใใ่ฒทใใชใ (I see. Then I won't buy it)
- Logically strange (discount usually encourages buying)
- Abrupt and somewhat rude
- Doesn't acknowledge the clerk's helpful information
Option 2: ใธใใใๅพใงใใญใๆค่จใใพใ โ
- ใธใ = shows interest
- ใๅพใงใใญ = acknowledges the value
- ๆค่จใใพใ = polite way to say "I'll think about it"
- Natural customer response
Option 3: ใใใใใช (You're annoying)
- Extremely rude
- Inappropriate to service staff
- Completely unacceptable
Key point: Show appreciation for information, respond politely to staff
Reasoning:
Relationship: ๅบๅก โ ๅฎข (clerk to customer)
Setting: ๅบ (store)
Statement type: Information about discount
Option 1: ใใใใใใใ่ฒทใใชใ (I see. Then I won't buy it)
- Logically strange (discount usually encourages buying)
- Abrupt and somewhat rude
- Doesn't acknowledge the clerk's helpful information
Option 2: ใธใใใๅพใงใใญใๆค่จใใพใ โ
- ใธใ = shows interest
- ใๅพใงใใญ = acknowledges the value
- ๆค่จใใพใ = polite way to say "I'll think about it"
- Natural customer response
Option 3: ใใใใใช (You're annoying)
- Extremely rude
- Inappropriate to service staff
- Completely unacceptable
Key point: Show appreciation for information, respond politely to staff
๐ Practice Scenario 3: Invitation from Friend
Listening Setup
ใ็ถๆณใ
ๅ้ใ่ฉฑใใฆใใพใใ
ใ้ณๅฃฐใ
ไปๅบฆใฎ้ฑๆซใๆ ็ป่ฆใซ่กใใชใ๏ผ
ใ้ธๆ่ขใ
1. ใใใญ๏ผ่กใใ่กใใ๏ผ
2. ๆฟ็ฅใใใใพใใใ
3. ใฏใใใใใงใฏๅใใพใใ
Analysis
ๆญฃ่งฃ๏ผ1
Correct Answer: 1 - ใใใญ๏ผ่กใใ่กใใ๏ผ(Sounds good! Let's go!)
Reasoning:
Relationship: ๅ้ (friend)
Setting: Casual conversation
Type: Friendly invitation
Option 1: ใใใญ๏ผ่กใใ่กใใ๏ผโ
- Casual and enthusiastic
- Appropriate for friends
- Shows excitement
- Natural friendly response
Option 2: ๆฟ็ฅใใใใพใใ (I acknowledge/understand - formal)
- Far too formal for friend
- Used in business settings
- Would sound strange/cold to friend
Option 3: ใฏใใใใใงใฏๅใใพใ (Yes, then I shall go - very formal)
- Extremely formal/humble
- ๅใใพใ = humble form of ่กใ
- Used with superiors, not friends
- Would sound awkward and distant
Key point: Match formality to relationship - casual with friends!
Reasoning:
Relationship: ๅ้ (friend)
Setting: Casual conversation
Type: Friendly invitation
Option 1: ใใใญ๏ผ่กใใ่กใใ๏ผโ
- Casual and enthusiastic
- Appropriate for friends
- Shows excitement
- Natural friendly response
Option 2: ๆฟ็ฅใใใใพใใ (I acknowledge/understand - formal)
- Far too formal for friend
- Used in business settings
- Would sound strange/cold to friend
Option 3: ใฏใใใใใงใฏๅใใพใ (Yes, then I shall go - very formal)
- Extremely formal/humble
- ๅใใพใ = humble form of ่กใ
- Used with superiors, not friends
- Would sound awkward and distant
Key point: Match formality to relationship - casual with friends!
๐ซ Practice Scenario 4: Polite Refusal
Listening Setup
ใ็ถๆณใ
ๅ
่ผฉใๅพ่ผฉใซ่ฉฑใใฆใใพใใ
ใ้ณๅฃฐใ
ไปๆฅใ้ฃฒใฟใซ่กใใชใ๏ผใใใใใ
ใ้ธๆ่ขใ
1. ็ตถๅฏพ่กใใชใ๏ผ
2. ใใฟใพใใใไปๆฅใฏใกใใฃใจ็จไบใใใใพใใฆ...
3. ใใใใ็ตๆงใงใใ
Analysis
ๆญฃ่งฃ๏ผ2
Correct Answer: 2 - ใใฟใพใใใไปๆฅใฏใกใใฃใจ็จไบใใใใพใใฆ... (Sorry, I have some plans today...)
Reasoning:
Relationship: ๅ ่ผฉ โ ๅพ่ผฉ (senior to junior)
Invitation: To go drinking (senior will pay)
Need: Polite refusal
Option 1: ็ตถๅฏพ่กใใชใ๏ผ(I absolutely won't go!)
- Too direct and rude
- Especially inappropriate to senior
- ็ตถๅฏพ = absolutely (too strong)
Option 2: ใใฟใพใใใไปๆฅใฏใกใใฃใจ็จไบใใใใพใใฆ... โ
- ใใฟใพใใ = apologetic opening
- ใกใใฃใจ = softens the refusal
- ็จไบใใใใพใใฆ = polite reason (have plans)
- ... (trailing off) = typical Japanese indirect refusal
- Maintains relationship while declining
Option 3: ใใใใ็ตๆงใงใ (No, I'm fine)
- Grammatically correct but too direct
- Lacks apologetic tone
- ็ตๆงใงใ can sound curt
- Not warm enough for senior's kind offer
Key point: Japanese refusals are typically indirect with apology + vague reason
Reasoning:
Relationship: ๅ ่ผฉ โ ๅพ่ผฉ (senior to junior)
Invitation: To go drinking (senior will pay)
Need: Polite refusal
Option 1: ็ตถๅฏพ่กใใชใ๏ผ(I absolutely won't go!)
- Too direct and rude
- Especially inappropriate to senior
- ็ตถๅฏพ = absolutely (too strong)
Option 2: ใใฟใพใใใไปๆฅใฏใกใใฃใจ็จไบใใใใพใใฆ... โ
- ใใฟใพใใ = apologetic opening
- ใกใใฃใจ = softens the refusal
- ็จไบใใใใพใใฆ = polite reason (have plans)
- ... (trailing off) = typical Japanese indirect refusal
- Maintains relationship while declining
Option 3: ใใใใ็ตๆงใงใ (No, I'm fine)
- Grammatically correct but too direct
- Lacks apologetic tone
- ็ตๆงใงใ can sound curt
- Not warm enough for senior's kind offer
Key point: Japanese refusals are typically indirect with apology + vague reason
๐ Practice Scenario 5: Neighbor Help
Listening Setup
ใ็ถๆณใ
้ฃใฎไบบใ่ฉฑใใฆใใพใใ
ใ้ณๅฃฐใ
้ใใใงใใญใใๆไผใใใพใใใใใ
ใ้ธๆ่ขใ
1. ใใใใๅใซใฏ้ ผใพใชใใ
2. ๆไผใฃใฆใ๏ผ
3. ใใใใจใใใใใพใใๅฉใใใพใใ
Analysis
ๆญฃ่งฃ๏ผ3
Correct Answer: 3 - ใใใใจใใใใใพใใๅฉใใใพใ (Thank you. That would be helpful)
Reasoning:
Relationship: ้ฃใฎไบบ (neighbor - acquaintance but not close)
Situation: Neighbor offering to help with something heavy
Type: Polite offer
Option 1: ใใใใๅใซใฏ้ ผใพใชใ (No, I won't ask YOU)
- Extremely rude
- ใๅ = very rude "you"
- Dismissive and offensive
- Completely inappropriate
Option 2: ๆไผใฃใฆใ๏ผ(Help me! - demanding)
- Too casual/demanding
- Sounds like ordering
- Inappropriate for neighbor (not close friend)
- ใ = casual ending particle
Option 3: ใใใใจใใใใใพใใๅฉใใใพใ โ
- ใใใใจใใใใใพใ = polite thanks
- ๅฉใใใพใ = "That helps me" (common humble expression)
- Appropriately polite for neighbor
- Graciously accepts the kind offer
Key point: Accept help graciously with appropriate politeness level
Reasoning:
Relationship: ้ฃใฎไบบ (neighbor - acquaintance but not close)
Situation: Neighbor offering to help with something heavy
Type: Polite offer
Option 1: ใใใใๅใซใฏ้ ผใพใชใ (No, I won't ask YOU)
- Extremely rude
- ใๅ = very rude "you"
- Dismissive and offensive
- Completely inappropriate
Option 2: ๆไผใฃใฆใ๏ผ(Help me! - demanding)
- Too casual/demanding
- Sounds like ordering
- Inappropriate for neighbor (not close friend)
- ใ = casual ending particle
Option 3: ใใใใจใใใใใพใใๅฉใใใพใ โ
- ใใใใจใใใใใพใ = polite thanks
- ๅฉใใใพใ = "That helps me" (common humble expression)
- Appropriately polite for neighbor
- Graciously accepts the kind offer
Key point: Accept help graciously with appropriate politeness level
๐ Formality Levels Chart
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฆโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฆโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฆโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
โ Situation โ Very Formal โ Polite โ Casual โ
โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฃ
โ Boss โ ใใใใพใ โ ใฏใใ โ โ โ
โ โ ใพใใ โ ๆฟ็ฅใใพใใ โ โ
โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฃ
โ Customer โ ใใใใพใ โ ใฏใใ โ โ โ
โ โ ใพใใ โ ๅใใใพใใ โ โ
โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฃ
โ Teacher โ โณ โ ใฏใใ โ โ โ
โ โ โ ๅใใใพใใ โ โ
โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฃ
โ Colleague โ โ โ ใฏใใ โ ใใใOK โ
โ (not close) โ โ ๅใใใพใใ โ โ
โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฃ
โ Friend โ โ โ โณ โ ใใใใใใ โ
โ โ โ โ โ
โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฃ
โ Family โ โ โ โ โ ใใใOK โ
โ (close) โ โ โ โ
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฉโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฉโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฉโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
โ = Appropriate
โณ = Sometimes okay
โ = Inappropriate
๐ก Common Expression Patterns
Accepting Requests
Very Formal (ไธๅธใๅฎข):
- ใใใใพใใพใใ
- ๆฟ็ฅใใใใพใใ
- ใฏใใใใใซใใใใพใ
Polite (ๅ
็ใๅ
่ผฉใๅๅ):
- ใฏใใๆฟ็ฅใใพใใ
- ใฏใใๅใใใพใใ
- ใฏใใใใใใพใ
Casual (ๅ้ใๅฎถๆ):
- ใใใใใใ
- OKใใใฃใจใ
- ๅใใฃใ
Polite Refusals
Formal:
- ็ณใ่จณใใใใพใใใใใกใใฃใจ...
- ๆฎๅฟตใงใใใไปๆฅใฏ้ฝๅใ...
- ใใฃใใใงใใใใใฎๆฅใฏ...
Polite:
- ใใฟใพใใใใกใใฃใจ็จไบใใใใพใใฆ...
- ็ณใ่จณใชใใใงใใใไปๆฅใฏ...
- ใใใใชใใใใใฎๆฅใฏไบๅฎใ...
Casual (to friends):
- ใใใใไปๆฅใฏ็ก็ใชใใ
- ๆชใใใฉใ่กใใชใใ
- ใกใใฃใจ้ฝๅๆชใใใ ใใญ
Showing Gratitude
Very Formal:
- ่ช ใซใใใใจใใใใใพใ
- ๆใๅ
ฅใใพใ
- ๆ่ฌใใใใพใ
Polite:
- ใใใใจใใใใใพใ
- ๅฉใใใพใ
- ใฉใใใใใใจใใใใใพใ
Casual:
- ใใใใจใ
- ใตใณใญใฅใผ
- ๅฉใใใ
๐ฏ Key Takeaways
- Match formality: Consider relationship and setting carefully
- Too formal = awkward: Don't use ๆฟ็ฅใใพใใ with friends
- Too casual = rude: Don't use ใใ with superiors
- Indirect refusals: Japanese culture prefers soft, indirect "no"
- Apologize when refusing: ใใฟใพใใ softens the refusal
- Context clues: ไผ็คพ = formal, ๅ้ = casual
- Natural flow: Choose response that sounds natural in context
- Eliminate extremes: Very rude or oddly formal options are usually wrong