๐Ÿ’ฌ Verbal Expressions (็™บ่ฉฑ่กจ็พ)

Master Understanding Appropriate Responses

Understanding Verbal Expressions

Verbal expression questions test your ability to choose the most appropriate response in a given situation. You'll hear a statement or question, then select the best reply from three options. Success requires understanding context, social relationships, formality levels, and Japanese communication patterns.

๐ŸŽฏ Key Strategies for Verbal Expressions

1. Question Format
   - You hear a situation described (ๅ•้กŒ็”จ็ด™)
   - You hear someone speak (้Ÿณๅฃฐ)
   - Choose most appropriate response from 3 options

2. What to Consider
   - Relationship (superior/subordinate, close/distant)
   - Formality level (casual/polite/respectful)
   - Situation context (work, school, home, store)
   - Speaker's intention (request, offer, apology, refusal)
   - Cultural appropriateness

3. Common Situation Types
   - Requests (ไพ้ ผ)
   - Offers (็”ณใ—ๅ‡บ)
   - Apologies (่ฌ็ฝช)
   - Refusals (ๆ–ญใ‚Š)
   - Invitations (่ช˜ใ„)
   - Gratitude (ๆ„Ÿ่ฌ)
   - Opinions (ๆ„่ฆ‹)

4. Key Factors
   - Too casual โ†’ inappropriate for formal situations
   - Too formal โ†’ awkward with friends/family
   - Indirect refusal โ†’ more polite in Japanese
   - Humble expressions โ†’ when speaking of yourself
   - Respectful expressions โ†’ when speaking of others

5. Response Types to Know
   - Accepting: ใฏใ„ใ€ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ / ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆ
   - Refusing politely: ็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ / ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ...
   - Thanking: ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ / ๅŠฉใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™
   - Apologizing: ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ / ็”ณใ—่จณใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
   - Expressing interest: ใใ†ใงใ™ใ‹ / ใใ‚Œใฏ้ข็™ฝใ„ใงใ™ใญ

๐Ÿ’ผ Practice Scenario 1: Workplace Request

Listening Setup

ใ€็Šถๆณใ€‘
ไผš็คพใงใ€ไธŠๅธใŒ้ƒจไธ‹ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚

ใ€้Ÿณๅฃฐใ€‘
็”ฐไธญใ•ใ‚“ใ€ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฎไผš่ญฐใฎ่ณ‡ๆ–™ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅไธญใซใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒผใ—ใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹๏ผŸ

ใ€้ธๆŠž่‚ขใ€‘
1. ใ†ใ‚“ใ€ใ„ใ„ใ‚ˆใ€‚
2. ใฏใ„ใ€ๆ‰ฟ็Ÿฅใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
3. ใˆใ€ใ‚„ใ ใชใ€‚

Analysis

ๆญฃ่งฃ๏ผš2
Correct Answer: 2 - ใฏใ„ใ€ๆ‰ฟ็Ÿฅใ—ใพใ—ใŸ (Yes, understood)

Reasoning:
Relationship: ไธŠๅธ โ†’ ้ƒจไธ‹ (superior to subordinate)
Setting: ไผš็คพ (workplace)
Request type: Work task from boss

Option 1: ใ†ใ‚“ใ€ใ„ใ„ใ‚ˆ (Yeah, okay)
- Too casual for boss
- ใ†ใ‚“ is very informal
- ใ„ใ„ใ‚ˆ sounds like granting permission, not accepting instruction

Option 2: ใฏใ„ใ€ๆ‰ฟ็Ÿฅใ—ใพใ—ใŸ (Yes, understood) โœ“
- Polite and appropriate
- ๆ‰ฟ็Ÿฅใ—ใพใ—ใŸ = formal acknowledgment commonly used at work
- Shows respect to superior

Option 3: ใˆใ€ใ‚„ใ ใช (Huh, I don't want to)
- Extremely rude to boss
- ใ‚„ใ  = childish refusal
- Completely inappropriate

Key point: To superior at work = use polite/formal language

๐Ÿช Practice Scenario 2: Store Situation

Listening Setup

ใ€็Šถๆณใ€‘
ๅบ—ใงใ€ๅบ—ๅ“กใŒๅฎขใซ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚

ใ€้Ÿณๅฃฐใ€‘
ใŠๅฎขๆง˜ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ•†ๅ“ใฏไปŠใ€20%ใ‚ชใƒ•ใซใชใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚

ใ€้ธๆŠž่‚ขใ€‘
1. ใใ†ใ€‚ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ใ€่ฒทใ‚ใชใ„ใ€‚
2. ใธใˆใ€ใŠๅพ—ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ๆคœ่จŽใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
3. ใ†ใ‚‹ใ•ใ„ใชใ€‚

Analysis

ๆญฃ่งฃ๏ผš2
Correct Answer: 2 - ใธใˆใ€ใŠๅพ—ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ๆคœ่จŽใ—ใพใ™ (Oh, that's a good deal. I'll consider it)

Reasoning:
Relationship: ๅบ—ๅ“ก โ†’ ๅฎข (clerk to customer)
Setting: ๅบ— (store)
Statement type: Information about discount

Option 1: ใใ†ใ€‚ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ใ€่ฒทใ‚ใชใ„ (I see. Then I won't buy it)
- Logically strange (discount usually encourages buying)
- Abrupt and somewhat rude
- Doesn't acknowledge the clerk's helpful information

Option 2: ใธใˆใ€ใŠๅพ—ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ๆคœ่จŽใ—ใพใ™ โœ“
- ใธใˆ = shows interest
- ใŠๅพ—ใงใ™ใญ = acknowledges the value
- ๆคœ่จŽใ—ใพใ™ = polite way to say "I'll think about it"
- Natural customer response

Option 3: ใ†ใ‚‹ใ•ใ„ใช (You're annoying)
- Extremely rude
- Inappropriate to service staff
- Completely unacceptable

Key point: Show appreciation for information, respond politely to staff

๐ŸŽ“ Practice Scenario 3: Invitation from Friend

Listening Setup

ใ€็Šถๆณใ€‘
ๅ‹้”ใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚

ใ€้Ÿณๅฃฐใ€‘
ไปŠๅบฆใฎ้€ฑๆœซใ€ๆ˜ ็”ป่ฆ‹ใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ„๏ผŸ

ใ€้ธๆŠž่‚ขใ€‘
1. ใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผ่กŒใ“ใ†่กŒใ“ใ†๏ผ
2. ๆ‰ฟ็Ÿฅใ„ใŸใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
3. ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใงใฏๅ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚

Analysis

ๆญฃ่งฃ๏ผš1
Correct Answer: 1 - ใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผ่กŒใ“ใ†่กŒใ“ใ†๏ผ(Sounds good! Let's go!)

Reasoning:
Relationship: ๅ‹้” (friend)
Setting: Casual conversation
Type: Friendly invitation

Option 1: ใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผ่กŒใ“ใ†่กŒใ“ใ†๏ผโœ“
- Casual and enthusiastic
- Appropriate for friends
- Shows excitement
- Natural friendly response

Option 2: ๆ‰ฟ็Ÿฅใ„ใŸใ—ใพใ—ใŸ (I acknowledge/understand - formal)
- Far too formal for friend
- Used in business settings
- Would sound strange/cold to friend

Option 3: ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใงใฏๅ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ (Yes, then I shall go - very formal)
- Extremely formal/humble
- ๅ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ = humble form of ่กŒใ
- Used with superiors, not friends
- Would sound awkward and distant

Key point: Match formality to relationship - casual with friends!

๐Ÿซ Practice Scenario 4: Polite Refusal

Listening Setup

ใ€็Šถๆณใ€‘
ๅ…ˆ่ผฉใŒๅพŒ่ผฉใซ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚

ใ€้Ÿณๅฃฐใ€‘
ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€้ฃฒใฟใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ„๏ผŸใŠใ”ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ€‚

ใ€้ธๆŠž่‚ขใ€‘
1. ็ตถๅฏพ่กŒใ‹ใชใ„๏ผ
2. ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ็”จไบ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใฆ...
3. ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€็ตๆง‹ใงใ™ใ€‚

Analysis

ๆญฃ่งฃ๏ผš2
Correct Answer: 2 - ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ็”จไบ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใฆ... (Sorry, I have some plans today...)

Reasoning:
Relationship: ๅ…ˆ่ผฉ โ†’ ๅพŒ่ผฉ (senior to junior)
Invitation: To go drinking (senior will pay)
Need: Polite refusal

Option 1: ็ตถๅฏพ่กŒใ‹ใชใ„๏ผ(I absolutely won't go!)
- Too direct and rude
- Especially inappropriate to senior
- ็ตถๅฏพ = absolutely (too strong)

Option 2: ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ็”จไบ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใฆ... โœ“
- ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ = apologetic opening
- ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ = softens the refusal
- ็”จไบ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใฆ = polite reason (have plans)
- ... (trailing off) = typical Japanese indirect refusal
- Maintains relationship while declining

Option 3: ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€็ตๆง‹ใงใ™ (No, I'm fine)
- Grammatically correct but too direct
- Lacks apologetic tone
- ็ตๆง‹ใงใ™ can sound curt
- Not warm enough for senior's kind offer

Key point: Japanese refusals are typically indirect with apology + vague reason

๐Ÿ  Practice Scenario 5: Neighbor Help

Listening Setup

ใ€็Šถๆณใ€‘
้šฃใฎไบบใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚

ใ€้Ÿณๅฃฐใ€‘
้‡ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใŠๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚

ใ€้ธๆŠž่‚ขใ€‘
1. ใ„ใ‚„ใ€ใŠๅ‰ใซใฏ้ ผใพใชใ„ใ€‚
2. ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใ‚ˆ๏ผ
3. ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅŠฉใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚

Analysis

ๆญฃ่งฃ๏ผš3
Correct Answer: 3 - ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅŠฉใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ (Thank you. That would be helpful)

Reasoning:
Relationship: ้šฃใฎไบบ (neighbor - acquaintance but not close)
Situation: Neighbor offering to help with something heavy
Type: Polite offer

Option 1: ใ„ใ‚„ใ€ใŠๅ‰ใซใฏ้ ผใพใชใ„ (No, I won't ask YOU)
- Extremely rude
- ใŠๅ‰ = very rude "you"
- Dismissive and offensive
- Completely inappropriate

Option 2: ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใ‚ˆ๏ผ(Help me! - demanding)
- Too casual/demanding
- Sounds like ordering
- Inappropriate for neighbor (not close friend)
- ใ‚ˆ = casual ending particle

Option 3: ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅŠฉใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ โœ“
- ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ = polite thanks
- ๅŠฉใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ = "That helps me" (common humble expression)
- Appropriately polite for neighbor
- Graciously accepts the kind offer

Key point: Accept help graciously with appropriate politeness level

๐Ÿ“Š Formality Levels Chart

โ•”โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•ฆโ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•ฆโ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•ฆโ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•—
โ•‘ Situation    โ•‘ Very Formal   โ•‘ Polite        โ•‘ Casual        โ•‘
โ• โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•ฌโ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•ฌโ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•ฌโ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•ฃ
โ•‘ Boss         โ•‘ ใ‹ใ—ใ“ใพใ‚Š   โ•‘ ใฏใ„ใ€         โ•‘ โœ—             โ•‘
โ•‘              โ•‘ ใพใ—ใŸ        โ•‘ ๆ‰ฟ็Ÿฅใ—ใพใ—ใŸ   โ•‘               โ•‘
โ• โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•ฌโ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•ฌโ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•ฌโ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•ฃ
โ•‘ Customer     โ•‘ ใ‹ใ—ใ“ใพใ‚Š   โ•‘ ใฏใ„ใ€         โ•‘ โœ—             โ•‘
โ•‘              โ•‘ ใพใ—ใŸ        โ•‘ ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ   โ•‘               โ•‘
โ• โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•ฌโ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•ฌโ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•ฌโ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•ฃ
โ•‘ Teacher      โ•‘ โ–ณ            โ•‘ ใฏใ„ใ€         โ•‘ โœ—             โ•‘
โ•‘              โ•‘               โ•‘ ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ   โ•‘               โ•‘
โ• โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•ฌโ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•ฌโ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•ฌโ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•ฃ
โ•‘ Colleague    โ•‘ โœ—            โ•‘ ใฏใ„ใ€         โ•‘ ใ†ใ‚“ใ€OK      โ•‘
โ•‘ (not close)  โ•‘               โ•‘ ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ   โ•‘               โ•‘
โ• โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•ฌโ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•ฌโ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•ฌโ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•ฃ
โ•‘ Friend       โ•‘ โœ—            โ•‘ โ–ณ            โ•‘ ใ†ใ‚“ใ€ใ„ใ„ใ‚ˆ   โ•‘
โ•‘              โ•‘               โ•‘               โ•‘               โ•‘
โ• โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•ฌโ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•ฌโ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•ฌโ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•ฃ
โ•‘ Family       โ•‘ โœ—            โ•‘ โœ—            โ•‘ ใ†ใ‚“ใ€OK      โ•‘
โ•‘ (close)      โ•‘               โ•‘               โ•‘               โ•‘
โ•šโ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•ฉโ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•ฉโ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•ฉโ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•

โœ“ = Appropriate
โ–ณ = Sometimes okay
โœ— = Inappropriate

๐Ÿ’ก Common Expression Patterns

Accepting Requests

Very Formal (ไธŠๅธใ€ๅฎข):
- ใ‹ใ—ใ“ใพใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
- ๆ‰ฟ็Ÿฅใ„ใŸใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
- ใฏใ„ใ€ใ™ใใซใ„ใŸใ—ใพใ™

Polite (ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ€ๅ…ˆ่ผฉใ€ๅŒๅƒš):
- ใฏใ„ใ€ๆ‰ฟ็Ÿฅใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
- ใฏใ„ใ€ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
- ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใ—ใพใ™

Casual (ๅ‹้”ใ€ๅฎถๆ—):
- ใ†ใ‚“ใ€ใ„ใ„ใ‚ˆ
- OKใ€ใ‚„ใฃใจใ
- ๅˆ†ใ‹ใฃใŸ

Polite Refusals

Formal:
- ็”ณใ—่จณใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ...
- ๆฎ‹ๅฟตใงใ™ใŒใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ้ƒฝๅˆใŒ...
- ใ›ใฃใ‹ใใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใฎๆ—ฅใฏ...

Polite:
- ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ็”จไบ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใฆ...
- ็”ณใ—่จณใชใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใŒใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ...
- ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใใฎๆ—ฅใฏไบˆๅฎšใŒ...

Casual (to friends):
- ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ็„ก็†ใชใ‚“ใ 
- ๆ‚ชใ„ใ‘ใฉใ€่กŒใ‘ใชใ„ใ‚
- ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ้ƒฝๅˆๆ‚ชใ„ใ‚“ใ ใ‚ˆใญ

Showing Gratitude

Very Formal:
- ่ช ใซใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™
- ๆใ‚Œๅ…ฅใ‚Šใพใ™
- ๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ„ใŸใ—ใพใ™

Polite:
- ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™
- ๅŠฉใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™
- ใฉใ†ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™

Casual:
- ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†
- ใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ญใƒฅใƒผ
- ๅŠฉใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚

๐ŸŽฏ Key Takeaways