Understanding N3 Kanji Reading
JLPT N3 requires knowledge of approximately 650 kanji. This section focuses on correctly reading kanji in various contexts, understanding on-yomi (้ณ่ชญใฟ) and kun-yomi (่จ่ชญใฟ) readings, and recognizing common kanji compounds used in everyday situations.
๐ฏ N3 Kanji Reading Essentials
Key Points for N3 Kanji:
1. Reading Types:
- ้ณ่ชญใฟ (On-yomi): Chinese-origin reading
- ่จ่ชญใฟ (Kun-yomi): Japanese native reading
- Both may appear in same word
2. Common Patterns:
- Two kanji together โ usually on-yomi
- Single kanji + hiragana โ usually kun-yomi
- Exception words โ must memorize
3. N3 Focus Areas:
- Daily life vocabulary
- Basic academic terms
- Common verbs and adjectives
- Time, numbers, counters
- Body parts, family, emotions
4. Study Tips:
- Learn kanji in context, not isolation
- Practice with example sentences
- Note multiple readings
- Watch for similar-looking kanji
- Use mnemonics for difficult readings
๐ Essential N3 Kanji Groups
Group 1: Time & Dates
ๆ้ (ใใใ) - time
ๆฏๆฅ3ๆ้ๅๅผทใใพใใ(I study 3 hours every day)
ๆฏๆฅ3ๆ้ๅๅผทใใพใใ(I study 3 hours every day)
ไป้ฑ (ใใใใ
ใ) - this week
ไป้ฑใฏๅฟใใใงใใ(This week is busy)
ไป้ฑใฏๅฟใใใงใใ(This week is busy)
ๆฅๆ (ใใใใค) - next month
ๆฅๆใๆฅๆฌใธ่กใใพใใ(I'm going to Japan next month)
ๆฅๆใๆฅๆฌใธ่กใใพใใ(I'm going to Japan next month)
ๅๅ (ใใใ) - morning, AM
ๅๅไธญใซไผ่ญฐใใใใพใใ(There's a meeting in the morning)
ๅๅไธญใซไผ่ญฐใใใใพใใ(There's a meeting in the morning)
ๅๅพ (ใใ) - afternoon, PM
ๅๅพใฏ่ช็ฑๆ้ใงใใ(The afternoon is free time)
ๅๅพใฏ่ช็ฑๆ้ใงใใ(The afternoon is free time)
Group 2: Actions & States
้ใ (ใฒใใ) - to open
็ชใ้ใใฆใใ ใใใ(Please open the window)
็ชใ้ใใฆใใ ใใใ(Please open the window)
้ใใ (ใใใ) - to close
ใใขใ้ใใพใใใ(I closed the door)
ใใขใ้ใใพใใใ(I closed the door)
ๅงใพใ (ใฏใใพใ) - to begin
ๆๆฅญใๅงใพใใพใใ(Class is starting)
ๆๆฅญใๅงใพใใพใใ(Class is starting)
็ตใใ (ใใใ) - to end
ไปไบใ็ตใใใพใใใ(Work has ended)
ไปไบใ็ตใใใพใใใ(Work has ended)
็ถใ (ใคใฅใ) - to continue
้จใ็ถใใฆใใพใใ(The rain is continuing)
้จใ็ถใใฆใใพใใ(The rain is continuing)
Group 3: Places & Locations
ๅณๆธ้คจ (ใจใใใใ) - library
ๅณๆธ้คจใงๆฌใๅใใพใใ(I borrow books at the library)
ๅณๆธ้คจใงๆฌใๅใใพใใ(I borrow books at the library)
้ง
(ใใ) - station
้ง ใฎๅใงๅพ ใฃใฆใใพใใ(I'm waiting in front of the station)
้ง ใฎๅใงๅพ ใฃใฆใใพใใ(I'm waiting in front of the station)
็
้ข (ใณใใใใ) - hospital
็ ้ขใง่จบๅฏใๅใใพใใใ(I received an examination at the hospital)
็ ้ขใง่จบๅฏใๅใใพใใใ(I received an examination at the hospital)
้่ก (ใใใใ) - bank
้่กใงใ้ใใใใใพใใ(I withdraw money at the bank)
้่กใงใ้ใใใใใพใใ(I withdraw money at the bank)
ๅ
ฌๅ (ใใใใ) - park
ๅ ฌๅใง้ใณใพใใใใ(Let's play in the park)
ๅ ฌๅใง้ใณใพใใใใ(Let's play in the park)
Group 4: People & Relationships
ๅ้ (ใจใใ ใก) - friend
ๅ้ใจๆ ็ปใ่ฆใพใใใ(I watched a movie with a friend)
ๅ้ใจๆ ็ปใ่ฆใพใใใ(I watched a movie with a friend)
ๅ
็ (ใใใใ) - teacher
ๅ ็ใซ่ณชๅใใพใใ(I ask the teacher a question)
ๅ ็ใซ่ณชๅใใพใใ(I ask the teacher a question)
ๅญฆ็ (ใใใใ) - student
ๅคงๅญฆ็ใงใใ(I'm a university student)
ๅคงๅญฆ็ใงใใ(I'm a university student)
ๅฎถๆ (ใใใ) - family
ๅฎถๆใจๆ ่กใซ่กใใพใใ(I'm going on a trip with my family)
ๅฎถๆใจๆ ่กใซ่กใใพใใ(I'm going on a trip with my family)
ๅ
ๅผ (ใใใใ ใ) - siblings
ๅ ๅผใฏไธไบบใใพใใ(I have three siblings)
ๅ ๅผใฏไธไบบใใพใใ(I have three siblings)
Group 5: Adjectives & Descriptions
ๆฐใใ (ใใใใใ) - new
ๆฐใใ่ปใ่ฒทใใพใใใ(I bought a new car)
ๆฐใใ่ปใ่ฒทใใพใใใ(I bought a new car)
ๅคใ (ใตใใ) - old
ๅคใๅปบ็ฉใงใใ(It's an old building)
ๅคใๅปบ็ฉใงใใ(It's an old building)
ๆญฃใใ (ใใ ใใ) - correct
ๆญฃใใ็ญใใ้ธใใงใใ ใใใ(Please choose the correct answer)
ๆญฃใใ็ญใใ้ธใใงใใ ใใใ(Please choose the correct answer)
้ฃใใ (ใใใใใ) - difficult
ใใฎๅ้กใฏ้ฃใใใงใใ(This problem is difficult)
ใใฎๅ้กใฏ้ฃใใใงใใ(This problem is difficult)
็พใใ (ใใคใใใ) - beautiful
็พใใๆฏ่ฒใงใใญใ(It's a beautiful view, isn't it)
็พใใๆฏ่ฒใงใใญใ(It's a beautiful view, isn't it)
๐ Common Reading Mistakes
Mistake 1: Similar-Looking Kanji
ๆช vs ๆซ
ๆชๆฅ (ใฟใใ) - future โ
้ฑๆซ (ใใ ใใพใค) - weekend โ
Note the small difference in stroke order!
ๆชๆฅ (ใฟใใ) - future โ
้ฑๆซ (ใใ ใใพใค) - weekend โ
Note the small difference in stroke order!
ๅพ
vs ๆ
ๅพ ใค (ใพใค) - to wait โ
ๆใค (ใใค) - to hold โ
Left side differs: ๅฝณ(step) vs ๆ(hand)
ๅพ ใค (ใพใค) - to wait โ
ๆใค (ใใค) - to hold โ
Left side differs: ๅฝณ(step) vs ๆ(hand)
Mistake 2: Multiple Readings
็ has many readings:
็ใใ (ใใใ) - to live
ๅญฆ็ (ใใใใ) - student
ๅ ็ (ใใใใ) - teacher
็ใพใใ (ใใพใใ) - to be born
Context determines which reading to use!
็ใใ (ใใใ) - to live
ๅญฆ็ (ใใใใ) - student
ๅ ็ (ใใใใ) - teacher
็ใพใใ (ใใพใใ) - to be born
Context determines which reading to use!
Mistake 3: Compound Reading Changes
ไฝ changes pronunciation:
ไฝ (ใชใซ) - what
ไฝๆ (ใชใใ) - what time
ไฝไบบ (ใชใใซใ) - how many people
ไฝๆญณ (ใชใใใ) - how old
Watch for rendaku (ๆฟ็น) changes!
ไฝ (ใชใซ) - what
ไฝๆ (ใชใใ) - what time
ไฝไบบ (ใชใใซใ) - how many people
ไฝๆญณ (ใชใใใ) - how old
Watch for rendaku (ๆฟ็น) changes!
โ๏ธ Practice Exercises
Exercise 1: Choose the Correct Reading
1. ๅณๆธ้คจใธ่กใใพใใ
a) ใใใใใใb) ใจใใใใใc) ใจใใใใใใd) ใใใใใใ
a) ใใใใใใb) ใจใใใใใc) ใจใใใใใใd) ใใใใใใ
2. ๆฏๆ้ๅใใพใใ
a) ใพใใใใb) ใพใใกใใใc) ใพใใใใd) ใพใใกใ
a) ใพใใใใb) ใพใใกใใใc) ใพใใใใd) ใพใใกใ
3. ๆฐใใๆใ่ฒทใใพใใใ
a) ใใใใใใb) ใใใใใใc) ใใใใใd) ใซใใใ
a) ใใใใใใb) ใใใใใใc) ใใใใใd) ใซใใใ
4. ๆฅ้ฑใในใใใใใพใใ
a) ใใใ ใใb) ใใใใ ใใc) ใใใใ ใใd) ใใใใใ ใ
a) ใใใ ใใb) ใใใใ ใใc) ใใใใ ใใd) ใใใใใ ใ
5. ้ง
ใฎๅใงๅพ
ใฃใฆใใพใใ
a) ใใใb) ใใใc) ใใใd) ใใ
a) ใใใb) ใใใc) ใใใd) ใใ
Exercise 2: Reading in Context
6. ๆจๆฅๅ้ใจๆ ็ปใ่ฆใพใใใใจใฆใ้ข็ฝใใฃใใงใใ
ๆจๆฅใฎ่ชญใฟๆน๏ผ
a) ใใใใคใb) ใใฎใใc) ใใใซใกใd) ใใใ
ๆจๆฅใฎ่ชญใฟๆน๏ผ
a) ใใใใคใb) ใใฎใใc) ใใใซใกใd) ใใใ
7. ๆๆฅใฏๅคฉๆฐใ่ฏใใงใใใใ
ๆๆฅใฎ่ชญใฟๆน๏ผ
a) ใฟใใใซใกใb) ใใใc) ใใใใd) b and c both correct
ๆๆฅใฎ่ชญใฟๆน๏ผ
a) ใฟใใใซใกใb) ใใใc) ใใใใd) b and c both correct
8. ใใฎๆผขๅญใฎๆๅณใๅใใใพใใใ
ๆๅณใฎ่ชญใฟๆน๏ผ
a) ใใฟใb) ใใใc) ใใฟใd) ใใ
ๆๅณใฎ่ชญใฟๆน๏ผ
a) ใใฟใb) ใใใc) ใใฟใd) ใใ
9. ๅณๆธ้คจใงๅๅผทใใฆใใพใใ
ๅๅผทใฎ่ชญใฟๆน๏ผ
a) ในใใใใใb) ในใใใใc) ใถใใใใใd) ใถใใใ
ๅๅผทใฎ่ชญใฟๆน๏ผ
a) ในใใใใใb) ในใใใใc) ใถใใใใใd) ใถใใใ
10. ไผ็คพใฏๅๅ9ๆใซๅงใพใใพใใ
ไผ็คพใฎ่ชญใฟๆน๏ผ
a) ใใใใใb) ใใใใใc) ใใใใd) ใใใ
ไผ็คพใฎ่ชญใฟๆน๏ผ
a) ใใใใใb) ใใใใใc) ใใใใd) ใใใ
โ Answer Key & Explanations
Exercise 1 Answers:
1. b) ใจใใใใ - ๅณ(ใจ)ๆธ(ใใ)้คจ(ใใ)
2. a) ใพใใใ - ๆฏ(ใพใ)ๆ(ใใ), kun-yomi for ๆ
3. a) ใใใใใ - standard reading of ๆฐใใ
4. c) ใใใใ
ใ - ๆฅ(ใใ)้ฑ(ใใ
ใ)
5. a) ใใ - most common N3 word
Exercise 2 Answers:
6. b) ใใฎใ - Common kun-yomi reading in conversation
7. d) both b and c - ใใ and ใใใ both correct
8. a) ใใฟ - ๆ(ใ)ๅณ(ใฟ), on-yomi compound
9. a) ในใใใใ - Standard reading
10. a) ใใใใ - ไผ(ใใ)็คพ(ใใ), common compound
Scoring:
9-10 correct: Excellent! Ready for N3
7-8 correct: Good! Review missed items
5-6 correct: Fair - more practice needed
0-4 correct: Keep studying - focus on basics
๐ Study Tips for Kanji Reading
Effective Learning Strategies:
1. Learn in Chunks:
- Group related kanji (time, places, actions)
- Study 5-10 new kanji per day
- Review previous kanji daily
2. Context is Key:
- Always learn kanji in words/sentences
- Don't just memorize isolated characters
- Note which reading in which context
3. Multiple Exposure:
- Read Japanese texts (graded readers)
- Watch Japanese media with subtitles
- Practice writing by hand
- Use flashcard apps (Anki, Memrise)
4. Mnemonic Devices:
- Create stories for difficult kanji
- Link to similar-looking characters
- Use visual associations
5. Common Patterns:
- Two kanji together โ usually on-yomi
- Kanji + hiragana โ usually kun-yomi
- But many exceptions exist!
6. Regular Testing:
- Self-quiz regularly
- Use practice tests
- Time yourself
- Track progress
๐ฏ Key Takeaways
- N3 requires ~650 kanji: Focus on daily life vocabulary
- Context matters: Same kanji can have multiple readings
- On-yomi vs kun-yomi: Compounds usually on-yomi, single kanji + hiragana kun-yomi
- Similar kanji: Pay attention to small differences (ๅพ vs ๆ)
- Practice reading: See kanji in sentences, not isolation
- Common words first: Master frequency words before rare ones
- Multiple readings: Note all readings but focus on common ones
- Regular review: Spaced repetition is most effective