Understanding N3 Basic Grammar
N3 Basic Grammar covers essential grammatical structures that form the foundation of intermediate Japanese. These patterns are frequently used in daily conversation, reading, and writing. Mastering these will enable you to express more complex ideas and understand a wider range of Japanese content.
๐ฏ Key Grammar Patterns for N3
N3 Grammar Categories:
1. Expressing Purpose & Reason:
- ใใใซ (in order to, for)
- ใใใซ (so that, in order to)
- ใใใง (because of - negative)
- ใใใใง (thanks to - positive)
2. Time & Change:
- ใใกใซ (while, during)
- ใใใ ใซ (while, during)
- ใจใใ (just as, the moment)
- ใฆใใ (after doing)
3. Condition & Situation:
- ๅ ดๅ (in case of, when)
- ใฐ (if, when - conditional)
- ใใ (if/when/after)
- ใชใ (if it's the case that)
4. Ability & Potential:
- ใใจใใงใใ (can do)
- ใใใ potential form
- ใใใ (looks like, seems)
- ใใใ/ใซใใ (easy/hard to)
5. Obligation & Permission:
- ใชใใใฐใชใใชใ (must)
- ใชใใจใใใชใ (have to)
- ใฆใใใ (may, it's okay to)
- ใฆใฏใใใชใ (must not)
๐ Grammar Pattern Details
Pattern 1: ใใใซ (Purpose/Reason)
Formation:
โข Verb (dictionary form) + ใใใซ
โข Noun + ใฎ + ใใใซ
Meaning: "in order to", "for the purpose of"
Examples:
โข ๆฅๆฌ่ชใๅๅผทใใใใใซใๆฅๆฌใซๆฅใพใใใ
ใ(I came to Japan in order to study Japanese.)
โข ๅฅๅบทใฎใใใซใๆฏๆฅ้ๅใใฆใใพใใ
ใ(I exercise every day for my health.)
โข ่ฉฆ้จใซๅๆ ผใใใใใซใไธ็ๆธๅฝๅๅผทใใใ
ใ(I studied hard in order to pass the exam.)
โข ๅฎถๆใฎใใใซใไปไบใ้ ๅผตใฃใฆใใพใใ
ใ(I work hard for my family.)
โข Verb (dictionary form) + ใใใซ
โข Noun + ใฎ + ใใใซ
Meaning: "in order to", "for the purpose of"
Examples:
โข ๆฅๆฌ่ชใๅๅผทใใใใใซใๆฅๆฌใซๆฅใพใใใ
ใ(I came to Japan in order to study Japanese.)
โข ๅฅๅบทใฎใใใซใๆฏๆฅ้ๅใใฆใใพใใ
ใ(I exercise every day for my health.)
โข ่ฉฆ้จใซๅๆ ผใใใใใซใไธ็ๆธๅฝๅๅผทใใใ
ใ(I studied hard in order to pass the exam.)
โข ๅฎถๆใฎใใใซใไปไบใ้ ๅผตใฃใฆใใพใใ
ใ(I work hard for my family.)
Pattern 2: ใใใซ (Purpose - Intransitive)
Formation:
โข Verb (dictionary form) + ใใใซ
โข Verb (ใชใ form) + ใใใซ
Meaning: "so that", "in order that"
(Used with intransitive verbs or potential forms)
Examples:
โข ๅฟใใชใใใใซใใกใขใๅใใพใใใ
ใ(I took notes so that I wouldn't forget.)
โข ๆๆฉใ่ตทใใใใใใใซใๆฉใๅฏใพใใ
ใ(I go to bed early so I can wake up early.)
โข ้ขจ้ชใๅผใใชใใใใซใๆใใใใฆใใ ใใใ
ใ(Dress warmly so you don't catch a cold.)
โข ่ใใใใใใซใๅคงใใๅฃฐใง่ฉฑใใฆใใ ใใใ
ใ(Please speak loudly so we can hear.)
โข Verb (dictionary form) + ใใใซ
โข Verb (ใชใ form) + ใใใซ
Meaning: "so that", "in order that"
(Used with intransitive verbs or potential forms)
Examples:
โข ๅฟใใชใใใใซใใกใขใๅใใพใใใ
ใ(I took notes so that I wouldn't forget.)
โข ๆๆฉใ่ตทใใใใใใใซใๆฉใๅฏใพใใ
ใ(I go to bed early so I can wake up early.)
โข ้ขจ้ชใๅผใใชใใใใซใๆใใใใฆใใ ใใใ
ใ(Dress warmly so you don't catch a cold.)
โข ่ใใใใใใซใๅคงใใๅฃฐใง่ฉฑใใฆใใ ใใใ
ใ(Please speak loudly so we can hear.)
Pattern 3: ใใใง (Negative Cause)
Formation:
โข Verb (ใ form) + ใใใง
โข Noun + ใฎ + ใใใง
โข ใ-adjective + ใใใง
โข ใช-adjective + ใช + ใใใง
Meaning: "because of" (negative outcome/blame)
Examples:
โข ้จใ้ใฃใใใใงใ่ฉฆๅใไธญๆญขใซใชใฃใใ
ใ(The game was canceled because of the rain.)
โข ๅฏๅใใใใใงใ้ป่ปใซไนใ้ ใใใ
ใ(I missed the train because I overslept.)
โข ๅฝผใฎใใใงใใฟใใชใๅฐใฃใใ
ใ(Everyone had trouble because of him.)
โข ้ขจ้ชใฎใใใงใไปไบใไผใฟใพใใใ
ใ(I took off work because of a cold.)
โข Verb (ใ form) + ใใใง
โข Noun + ใฎ + ใใใง
โข ใ-adjective + ใใใง
โข ใช-adjective + ใช + ใใใง
Meaning: "because of" (negative outcome/blame)
Examples:
โข ้จใ้ใฃใใใใงใ่ฉฆๅใไธญๆญขใซใชใฃใใ
ใ(The game was canceled because of the rain.)
โข ๅฏๅใใใใใงใ้ป่ปใซไนใ้ ใใใ
ใ(I missed the train because I overslept.)
โข ๅฝผใฎใใใงใใฟใใชใๅฐใฃใใ
ใ(Everyone had trouble because of him.)
โข ้ขจ้ชใฎใใใงใไปไบใไผใฟใพใใใ
ใ(I took off work because of a cold.)
Pattern 4: ใใใใง (Positive Cause)
Formation:
โข Verb (ใ form) + ใใใใง
โข Noun + ใฎ + ใใใใง
โข ใ-adjective + ใใใใง
โข ใช-adjective + ใช + ใใใใง
Meaning: "thanks to", "because of" (positive outcome)
Examples:
โข ๅ ็ใฎใใใใงใ่ฉฆ้จใซๅๆ ผใงใใพใใใ
ใ(Thanks to my teacher, I was able to pass the exam.)
โข ๅคฉๆฐใใใใฃใใใใใงใๆฅฝใใใฃใใ
ใ(Thanks to the good weather, it was fun.)
โข ่ฌใ้ฃฒใใ ใใใใงใๅ ๆฐใซใชใใพใใใ
ใ(Thanks to taking medicine, I got better.)
โข ใฟใใชใฎใใใใงใๆๅใใพใใใ
ใ(Thanks to everyone, we succeeded.)
โข Verb (ใ form) + ใใใใง
โข Noun + ใฎ + ใใใใง
โข ใ-adjective + ใใใใง
โข ใช-adjective + ใช + ใใใใง
Meaning: "thanks to", "because of" (positive outcome)
Examples:
โข ๅ ็ใฎใใใใงใ่ฉฆ้จใซๅๆ ผใงใใพใใใ
ใ(Thanks to my teacher, I was able to pass the exam.)
โข ๅคฉๆฐใใใใฃใใใใใงใๆฅฝใใใฃใใ
ใ(Thanks to the good weather, it was fun.)
โข ่ฌใ้ฃฒใใ ใใใใงใๅ ๆฐใซใชใใพใใใ
ใ(Thanks to taking medicine, I got better.)
โข ใฟใใชใฎใใใใงใๆๅใใพใใใ
ใ(Thanks to everyone, we succeeded.)
Pattern 5: ใใกใซ (While/During)
Formation:
โข Verb (dictionary form) + ใใกใซ
โข Verb (ใฆใใ form) + ใใกใซ
โข Verb (ใชใ form) + ใใกใซ
โข ใ-adjective + ใใกใซ
Meaning: "while", "during" (before situation changes)
Examples:
โข ่ฅใใใกใซใใใใใ็ต้จใใใใ
ใ(I want to experience various things while I'm young.)
โข ๅฟใใชใใใกใซใๆธใใฆใใใพใใ
ใ(I'll write it down while I still remember.)
โข ๅญไพใๅฏใฆใใใใกใซใๆ้คใใใพใใใ
ใ(I cleaned while the children were sleeping.)
โข ๆใใใใกใซใๅธฐใใพใใใใ
ใ(Let's go home while it's still light.)
โข Verb (dictionary form) + ใใกใซ
โข Verb (ใฆใใ form) + ใใกใซ
โข Verb (ใชใ form) + ใใกใซ
โข ใ-adjective + ใใกใซ
Meaning: "while", "during" (before situation changes)
Examples:
โข ่ฅใใใกใซใใใใใ็ต้จใใใใ
ใ(I want to experience various things while I'm young.)
โข ๅฟใใชใใใกใซใๆธใใฆใใใพใใ
ใ(I'll write it down while I still remember.)
โข ๅญไพใๅฏใฆใใใใกใซใๆ้คใใใพใใใ
ใ(I cleaned while the children were sleeping.)
โข ๆใใใใกใซใๅธฐใใพใใใใ
ใ(Let's go home while it's still light.)
Pattern 6: ใใใ ใซ (While/During)
Formation:
โข Verb (dictionary form) + ใใใ ใซ
โข Verb (ใฆใใ form) + ใใใ ใซ
โข Noun + ใฎ + ใใใ ใซ
Meaning: "while", "during" (specific time period)
Examples:
โข ็ๅฎใฎใใใ ใซใๅ้ใๆฅใใ
ใ(A friend came while I was out.)
โข ๅพ ใฃใฆใใใใใ ใซใๆฌใ่ชญใฟใพใใใ
ใ(I read a book while waiting.)
โข ๅคไผใฟใฎใใใ ใซใๆ ่กใใพใใ
ใ(I'll travel during summer vacation.)
โข ๅฏใฆใใใใใ ใซใ้จใ้ใๅงใใใ
ใ(It started raining while I was sleeping.)
โข Verb (dictionary form) + ใใใ ใซ
โข Verb (ใฆใใ form) + ใใใ ใซ
โข Noun + ใฎ + ใใใ ใซ
Meaning: "while", "during" (specific time period)
Examples:
โข ็ๅฎใฎใใใ ใซใๅ้ใๆฅใใ
ใ(A friend came while I was out.)
โข ๅพ ใฃใฆใใใใใ ใซใๆฌใ่ชญใฟใพใใใ
ใ(I read a book while waiting.)
โข ๅคไผใฟใฎใใใ ใซใๆ ่กใใพใใ
ใ(I'll travel during summer vacation.)
โข ๅฏใฆใใใใใ ใซใ้จใ้ใๅงใใใ
ใ(It started raining while I was sleeping.)
Pattern 7: ใจใใ (Just As/The Moment)
Formation:
โข Verb (ใ form) + ใจใใ (ใซ)
Meaning: "just as", "the moment", "as soon as"
Examples:
โข ๅฎถใซ็ใใใจใใใซใ้จใ้ใๅบใใใ
ใ(Just as I got home, it started raining.)
โข ้ป่ฉฑใๅใฃใใจใใใใพใ้ณดใฃใใ
ใ(The moment I hung up, the phone rang again.)
โข ่ฌใ้ฃฒใใ ใจใใใๆฐๅใๆชใใชใฃใใ
ใ(As soon as I took the medicine, I felt sick.)
โข ใใขใ้ใใใจใใใซใ็ซใ้ฃใณๅบใใใ
ใ(The moment I opened the door, the cat jumped out.)
โข Verb (ใ form) + ใจใใ (ใซ)
Meaning: "just as", "the moment", "as soon as"
Examples:
โข ๅฎถใซ็ใใใจใใใซใ้จใ้ใๅบใใใ
ใ(Just as I got home, it started raining.)
โข ้ป่ฉฑใๅใฃใใจใใใใพใ้ณดใฃใใ
ใ(The moment I hung up, the phone rang again.)
โข ่ฌใ้ฃฒใใ ใจใใใๆฐๅใๆชใใชใฃใใ
ใ(As soon as I took the medicine, I felt sick.)
โข ใใขใ้ใใใจใใใซใ็ซใ้ฃใณๅบใใใ
ใ(The moment I opened the door, the cat jumped out.)
Pattern 8: ใฆใใ (After Doing)
Formation:
โข Verb (ใฆ form) + ใใ
Meaning: "after doing", "since doing"
Examples:
โข ๆใๆดใฃใฆใใใ้ฃไบใใใพใใ
ใ(I'll eat after washing my hands.)
โข ๅคงๅญฆใๅๆฅญใใฆใใใ5ๅนดใซใชใใพใใ
ใ(It's been 5 years since I graduated from university.)
โข ใใ่ใใฆใใใๆฑบใใฆใใ ใใใ
ใ(Please decide after thinking carefully.)
โข ๆฅๆฌใซๆฅใฆใใใๆฅๆฌ่ชใไธๆใซใชใฃใใ
ใ(My Japanese improved after coming to Japan.)
โข Verb (ใฆ form) + ใใ
Meaning: "after doing", "since doing"
Examples:
โข ๆใๆดใฃใฆใใใ้ฃไบใใใพใใ
ใ(I'll eat after washing my hands.)
โข ๅคงๅญฆใๅๆฅญใใฆใใใ5ๅนดใซใชใใพใใ
ใ(It's been 5 years since I graduated from university.)
โข ใใ่ใใฆใใใๆฑบใใฆใใ ใใใ
ใ(Please decide after thinking carefully.)
โข ๆฅๆฌใซๆฅใฆใใใๆฅๆฌ่ชใไธๆใซใชใฃใใ
ใ(My Japanese improved after coming to Japan.)
Pattern 9: ๅ ดๅ (In Case Of/When)
Formation:
โข Verb (dictionary form) + ๅ ดๅ
โข Verb (ใ form) + ๅ ดๅ
โข Noun + ใฎ + ๅ ดๅ
Meaning: "in case of", "when", "if" (formal)
Examples:
โข ้จใ้ใๅ ดๅใฏใไธญๆญขใใพใใ
ใ(In case it rains, we'll cancel.)
โข ๅฐใฃใๅ ดๅใฏใใใคใงใ้ฃ็ตกใใฆใใ ใใใ
ใ(If you have trouble, please contact me anytime.)
โข ็ทๆฅใฎๅ ดๅใฏใใใฎใใฟใณใๆผใใฆใใ ใใใ
ใ(In case of emergency, press this button.)
โข ใใใใชใๅ ดๅใฏใๅ ็ใซ่ใใฆใใ ใใใ
ใ(If you don't understand, please ask the teacher.)
โข Verb (dictionary form) + ๅ ดๅ
โข Verb (ใ form) + ๅ ดๅ
โข Noun + ใฎ + ๅ ดๅ
Meaning: "in case of", "when", "if" (formal)
Examples:
โข ้จใ้ใๅ ดๅใฏใไธญๆญขใใพใใ
ใ(In case it rains, we'll cancel.)
โข ๅฐใฃใๅ ดๅใฏใใใคใงใ้ฃ็ตกใใฆใใ ใใใ
ใ(If you have trouble, please contact me anytime.)
โข ็ทๆฅใฎๅ ดๅใฏใใใฎใใฟใณใๆผใใฆใใ ใใใ
ใ(In case of emergency, press this button.)
โข ใใใใชใๅ ดๅใฏใๅ ็ใซ่ใใฆใใ ใใใ
ใ(If you don't understand, please ask the teacher.)
Pattern 10: ใใใ/ใซใใ (Easy/Hard To)
Formation:
โข Verb (masu stem) + ใใใ (easy to)
โข Verb (masu stem) + ใซใใ (hard to)
Meaning: Easy or difficult to do something
Examples - ใใใ:
โข ใใฎๆฌใฏ่ชญใฟใใใใงใใ
ใ(This book is easy to read.)
โข ๅใใใใใ่ชฌๆใใใฆใใ ใใใ
ใ(Please give an easy-to-understand explanation.)
Examples - ใซใใ:
โข ใใฎๆผขๅญใฏ่ฆใใซใใใงใใ
ใ(This kanji is hard to remember.)
โข ๅฐใใใฆ่ฆใซใใใ
ใ(It's small and hard to see.)
โข Verb (masu stem) + ใใใ (easy to)
โข Verb (masu stem) + ใซใใ (hard to)
Meaning: Easy or difficult to do something
Examples - ใใใ:
โข ใใฎๆฌใฏ่ชญใฟใใใใงใใ
ใ(This book is easy to read.)
โข ๅใใใใใ่ชฌๆใใใฆใใ ใใใ
ใ(Please give an easy-to-understand explanation.)
Examples - ใซใใ:
โข ใใฎๆผขๅญใฏ่ฆใใซใใใงใใ
ใ(This kanji is hard to remember.)
โข ๅฐใใใฆ่ฆใซใใใ
ใ(It's small and hard to see.)
โ๏ธ Practice Exercises
Exercise 1: Choose the Correct Pattern
1. ๅฅๅบท๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใๆฏๆฅ้่ใ้ฃในใฆใใพใใ
a) ใใใซ
b) ใใใซ
c) ใฎใใใซ
d) ใใใง
a) ใใใซ
b) ใใใซ
c) ใฎใใใซ
d) ใใใง
2. ๅฟใใชใ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใใกใขใใฆใใใพใใ
a) ใใใซ
b) ใใใซ
c) ใใกใซ
d) ใใใ ใซ
a) ใใใซ
b) ใใใซ
c) ใใกใซ
d) ใใใ ใซ
3. ๅฏๅใใ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใ้
ๅปใใพใใใ
a) ใใใใง
b) ใใใง
c) ใใใซ
d) ใใ
a) ใใใใง
b) ใใใง
c) ใใใซ
d) ใใ
4. ๅ
็๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใๅๆ ผใงใใพใใใ
a) ใฎใใใง
b) ใฎใใใซ
c) ใฎใใใใง
d) ใซใใฃใฆ
a) ใฎใใใง
b) ใฎใใใซ
c) ใฎใใใใง
d) ใซใใฃใฆ
5. ่ฅใ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใใใใใๆ
่กใใใใ
a) ใใใ ใซ
b) ใใกใซ
c) ใจใใใซ
d) ๅ ดๅ
a) ใใใ ใซ
b) ใใกใซ
c) ใจใใใซ
d) ๅ ดๅ
Exercise 2: Complete the Sentence
6. ๅฎถใซ็ใใ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใ้ป่ฉฑใ้ณดใฃใใ
a) ใใกใซ
b) ใใใ ใซ
c) ใจใใใซ
d) ใฆใใ
a) ใใกใซ
b) ใใใ ใซ
c) ใจใใใซ
d) ใฆใใ
7. ๆใๆดใฃใฆ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใ้ฃไบใใใพใใ
a) ใใกใซ
b) ใใ
c) ใใใ ใซ
d) ใจใใใซ
a) ใใกใซ
b) ใใ
c) ใใใ ใซ
d) ใจใใใซ
8. ็ทๆฅใฎ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใฏใใใฎ็ชๅทใซ้ป่ฉฑใใฆใใ ใใใ
a) ใใกใซ
b) ๅ ดๅ
c) ใจใ
d) ใใใ
a) ใใกใซ
b) ๅ ดๅ
c) ใจใ
d) ใใใ
9. ใใฎ่ชฌๆใฏๅใใ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใงใใ
a) ใใ
b) ใใใ
c) ใใใ
d) ใซใใ
a) ใใ
b) ใใใ
c) ใใใ
d) ใซใใ
10. ็ๅฎใฎ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใๅฎ
้
ไพฟใๆฅใใ
a) ใใกใซ
b) ใใใ ใซ
c) ใจใใใซ
d) ๅ ดๅใซ
a) ใใกใซ
b) ใใใ ใซ
c) ใจใใใซ
d) ๅ ดๅใซ
Exercise 3: Translation Challenge
11. "I came to Japan in order to study Japanese."
a) ๆฅๆฌ่ชใๅๅผทใใใใใซๆฅๆฌใซๆฅใใ
b) ๆฅๆฌ่ชใๅๅผทใใใใใซๆฅๆฌใซๆฅใใ
c) ๆฅๆฌ่ชใๅๅผทใใฆใใๆฅๆฌใซๆฅใใ
d) ๆฅๆฌ่ชใๅๅผทใใใใกใซๆฅๆฌใซๆฅใใ
a) ๆฅๆฌ่ชใๅๅผทใใใใใซๆฅๆฌใซๆฅใใ
b) ๆฅๆฌ่ชใๅๅผทใใใใใซๆฅๆฌใซๆฅใใ
c) ๆฅๆฌ่ชใๅๅผทใใฆใใๆฅๆฌใซๆฅใใ
d) ๆฅๆฌ่ชใๅๅผทใใใใกใซๆฅๆฌใซๆฅใใ
12. "Thanks to the medicine, I got better."
a) ่ฌใฎใใใงๅ ๆฐใซใชใฃใใ
b) ่ฌใฎใใใซๅ ๆฐใซใชใฃใใ
c) ่ฌใฎใใใใงๅ ๆฐใซใชใฃใใ
d) ่ฌใซใใฃใฆๅ ๆฐใซใชใฃใใ
a) ่ฌใฎใใใงๅ ๆฐใซใชใฃใใ
b) ่ฌใฎใใใซๅ ๆฐใซใชใฃใใ
c) ่ฌใฎใใใใงๅ ๆฐใซใชใฃใใ
d) ่ฌใซใใฃใฆๅ ๆฐใซใชใฃใใ
13. "I'll write it down while I still remember."
a) ๅฟใใใใใ ใซๆธใใฆใใใ
b) ๅฟใใชใใใกใซๆธใใฆใใใ
c) ๅฟใใชใใใใซๆธใใฆใใใ
d) ๅฟใใฆใใๆธใใฆใใใ
a) ๅฟใใใใใ ใซๆธใใฆใใใ
b) ๅฟใใชใใใกใซๆธใใฆใใใ
c) ๅฟใใชใใใใซๆธใใฆใใใ
d) ๅฟใใฆใใๆธใใฆใใใ
14. "Just as I opened the door, the phone rang."
a) ใใขใ้ใใใใกใซ้ป่ฉฑใ้ณดใฃใใ
b) ใใขใ้ใใฆใใ้ป่ฉฑใ้ณดใฃใใ
c) ใใขใ้ใใใจใใใซ้ป่ฉฑใ้ณดใฃใใ
d) ใใขใ้ใใใใใซ้ป่ฉฑใ้ณดใฃใใ
a) ใใขใ้ใใใใกใซ้ป่ฉฑใ้ณดใฃใใ
b) ใใขใ้ใใฆใใ้ป่ฉฑใ้ณดใฃใใ
c) ใใขใ้ใใใจใใใซ้ป่ฉฑใ้ณดใฃใใ
d) ใใขใ้ใใใใใซ้ป่ฉฑใ้ณดใฃใใ
15. "This book is easy to read."
a) ใใฎๆฌใฏ่ชญใฟใซใใใงใใ
b) ใใฎๆฌใฏ่ชญใฟใใใใงใใ
c) ใใฎๆฌใฏ่ชญใใใจใใงใใพใใ
d) ใใฎๆฌใ่ชญใใงใใพใใ
a) ใใฎๆฌใฏ่ชญใฟใซใใใงใใ
b) ใใฎๆฌใฏ่ชญใฟใใใใงใใ
c) ใใฎๆฌใฏ่ชญใใใจใใงใใพใใ
d) ใใฎๆฌใ่ชญใใงใใพใใ
โ Answer Key & Explanations
Exercise 1:
1. c) ใฎใใใซ
ๅฅๅบทใฎใใใซ = for (the sake of) health
Noun requires ใฎ before ใใใซ
2. b) ใใใซ
ๅฟใใชใใใใซ = so that I don't forget
ใใใซ used with ใชใ form for prevention
3. b) ใใใง
ๅฏๅใใใใใง = because I overslept (negative result)
ใใใง indicates negative consequence/blame
4. c) ใฎใใใใง
ๅ
็ใฎใใใใง = thanks to the teacher
ใใใใง indicates positive outcome/gratitude
5. b) ใใกใซ
่ฅใใใกใซ = while young (before getting old)
ใใกใซ emphasizes doing something before change
Exercise 2:
6. c) ใจใใใซ
็ใใใจใใใซ = just as/the moment I arrived
ใจใใ indicates immediate successive action
7. b) ใใ
ๆดใฃใฆใใ = after washing
ใฆใใ indicates sequential action
8. b) ๅ ดๅ
็ทๆฅใฎๅ ดๅ = in case of emergency
ๅ ดๅ is formal expression for "when/if/case"
9. b) ใใใ
ๅใใใใใ = easy to understand
Masu stem + ใใใ = easy to do
10. b) ใใใ ใซ
็ๅฎใฎใใใ ใซ = while (I was) out
ใใใ ใซ for specific time period with completed action
Exercise 3:
11. b) ๆฅๆฌ่ชใๅๅผทใใใใใซๆฅๆฌใซๆฅใใ
Correct: Verb dictionary form + ใใใซ = in order to
12. c) ่ฌใฎใใใใงๅ
ๆฐใซใชใฃใใ
Correct: ใใใใง for positive outcome (thanks to)
13. b) ๅฟใใชใใใกใซๆธใใฆใใใ
Correct: ใชใใใกใซ = while still not (before situation changes)
14. c) ใใขใ้ใใใจใใใซ้ป่ฉฑใ้ณดใฃใใ
Correct: ใใจใใใซ = just as/the moment (immediate succession)
15. b) ใใฎๆฌใฏ่ชญใฟใใใใงใใ
Correct: Masu stem + ใใใ = easy to do
Scoring:
13-15: Excellent! Strong grammar pattern mastery
10-12: Good! Review subtle differences
7-9: Fair - practice more with contexts
0-6: Keep studying - focus on pattern formation
๐ฏ Key Takeaways
- ใใใซ vs ใใใซ: ใใใซ for intentional actions, ใใใซ for intransitive/potential verbs
- ใใใง vs ใใใใง: ใใใง for negative outcomes (blame), ใใใใง for positive (gratitude)
- ใใกใซ vs ใใใ ใซ: ใใกใซ for "before change", ใใใ ใซ for "during specific period"
- ใจใใ: Immediate successive action - "just as/the moment"
- ใฆใใ: Sequential action - "after doing"
- ๅ ดๅ: Formal conditional - "in case of/when"
- ใใใ/ใซใใ: Easy/difficult to do - attach to masu stem
- Context matters: Choose pattern based on whether outcome is positive or negative