๐Ÿ”— Sentence Patterns (ๆ–‡ๅž‹)

Essential N3 Sentence Structures

Understanding N3 Sentence Patterns

Sentence patterns are fixed grammatical structures that convey specific meanings. Mastering these patterns allows you to express complex ideas naturally and understand Japanese at an intermediate level. This section covers essential N3-level sentence patterns used frequently in daily communication.

๐ŸŽฏ Core Sentence Pattern Categories

N3 Sentence Pattern Types:

1. Expressions of State/Appearance:
   - ใใ†ใ  (looks like, seems)
   - ใ‚ˆใ†ใ  (it seems, appears)
   - ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ (seems, apparently)
   - ใฟใŸใ„ใ  (like, seems - casual)

2. Giving/Receiving Patterns:
   - ใฆใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ (do for someone)
   - ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ (someone does for me)
   - ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ† (receive favor)
   - ใฆใใ ใ•ใ‚‹ (honorific - do for me)

3. Experience & Trial:
   - ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ (have experienced)
   - ใฆใฟใ‚‹ (try doing)
   - ใ“ใจใซใ™ใ‚‹ (decide to)
   - ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ (it's been decided)

4. State Continuation:
   - ใŸใพใพ (remain in state)
   - ใฃใฑใชใ— (left in state)
   - ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ (ongoing state/action)
   - ใฆใ‚ใ‚‹ (state resulting from action)

5. Listing & Examples:
   - ใ— (and, also - multiple reasons)
   - ใŸใ‚Š๏ฝžใŸใ‚Š (do things like)
   - ใชใฉ (and so on, etc.)
   - ใจใ‹ (and, or - casual listing)

๐Ÿ“š Pattern Details & Usage

Pattern 1: ใใ†ใ  (Appearance)

Formation:
โ€ข ใ„-adjective (drop ใ„) + ใใ†ใ 
โ€ข ใช-adjective + ใใ†ใ 
โ€ข Verb (masu stem) + ใใ†ใ 

Meaning: "looks like", "seems", "appears"

Examples:
โ€ข ใŠใ„ใ—ใใ†ใชๆ–™็†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
ใ€€(That looks like delicious food.)

โ€ข ้›จใŒ้™ใ‚Šใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ€€(It looks like it will rain.)

โ€ข ใ“ใฎๅ•้กŒใฏ้›ฃใ—ใใ†ใ ใ€‚
ใ€€(This problem looks difficult.)

โ€ข ๅฝผใฏๅ…ƒๆฐ—ใใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ€€(He looks healthy/energetic.)

Exceptions:
โ€ข ใ„ใ„ โ†’ ใ‚ˆใ•ใใ† (good-looking)
โ€ข ใชใ„ โ†’ ใชใ•ใใ† (doesn't seem to exist)

Pattern 2: ใ‚ˆใ†ใ  (Seems/Appears)

Formation:
โ€ข Verb (plain form) + ใ‚ˆใ†ใ 
โ€ข ใ„-adjective + ใ‚ˆใ†ใ 
โ€ข ใช-adjective + ใช + ใ‚ˆใ†ใ 
โ€ข Noun + ใฎ + ใ‚ˆใ†ใ 

Meaning: "it seems", "it appears", "like"

Examples:
โ€ข ๅฝผใฏๆ—ฅๆœฌไบบใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใ ใ€‚
ใ€€(He seems to be Japanese.)

โ€ข ้›จใŒ้™ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
ใ€€(It seems like it rained.)

โ€ข ใ“ใฎๆœฌใฏ้ข็™ฝใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ€€(This book seems interesting.)

โ€ข ๅคขใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่ฉฑใ ใ€‚
ใ€€(It's a dream-like story.)

Pattern 3: ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ (Apparently)

Formation:
โ€ข Verb (plain form) + ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„
โ€ข ใ„-adjective + ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„
โ€ข ใช-adjective + ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„
โ€ข Noun + ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„

Meaning: "apparently", "seems" (based on information)

Examples:
โ€ข ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฏ้›จใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ใ€€(Apparently it will rain tomorrow.)

โ€ข ๅฝผใฏ็—…ๆฐ—ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ€€(It seems he's sick.)

โ€ข ใ“ใฎใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใฏๆœ‰ๅใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ใ€€(This restaurant is apparently famous.)

โ€ข ๅญฆ็”Ÿใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆœ่ฃ…
ใ€€(student-like clothing/typical student attire)

Pattern 4: ใฆใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ (Do for Someone)

Formation:
โ€ข Verb (ใฆ form) + ใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹

Meaning: "do (something) for (someone)"
Direction: I/we โ†’ others (giving)

Examples:
โ€ข ๅ‹้”ใซๆœฌใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚ใ’ใŸใ€‚
ใ€€(I lent a book to my friend.)

โ€ข ๅฆนใซๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ€€(I'll teach Japanese to my younger sister.)

โ€ข ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใ‚ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
ใ€€(Shall I help you?)

Note: Can sound patronizing if used improperly

Pattern 5: ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ (Someone Does for Me)

Formation:
โ€ข Verb (ใฆ form) + ใใ‚Œใ‚‹

Meaning: "(someone) does (something) for me/us"
Direction: Others โ†’ me/us (receiving)

Examples:
โ€ข ๅ‹้”ใŒๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚
ใ€€(My friend helped me.)

โ€ข ๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใ€€(The teacher explained it for us.)

โ€ข ๆฏใŒๆ–™็†ใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ€€(My mother makes food for me.)

โ€ข ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
ใ€€(Thank you for teaching me.)

Pattern 6: ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ† (Receive Favor)

Formation:
โ€ข Verb (ใฆ form) + ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†

Meaning: "receive the favor of", "have someone do"
Direction: Me/us receiving action from others

Examples:
โ€ข ๅ‹้”ใซๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใฃใŸใ€‚
ใ€€(I had my friend help me.)

โ€ข ๅ…ˆ็”ŸใซๆŽจ่–ฆ็Šถใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใ€€(I had the teacher write a recommendation.)

โ€ข ๆฏใซ้ง…ใพใง้€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ใ€‚
ใ€€(I'll have my mother take me to the station.)

Particle: Use ใซ for the person doing the action

Pattern 7: ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ (Have Experience)

Formation:
โ€ข Verb (ใŸ form) + ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹

Meaning: "have done before", "have the experience of"

Examples:
โ€ข ๅฏŒๅฃซๅฑฑใซ็™ปใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ€€(I have climbed Mt. Fuji before.)

โ€ข ใ“ใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
ใ€€(Have you seen this movie before?)

โ€ข ็ด่ฑ†ใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใ€‚
ใ€€(I've never eaten natto.)

โ€ข ไธ€ๅบฆใ ใ‘ไผšใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ€€(I've met (them) once before.)

Pattern 8: ใฆใฟใ‚‹ (Try Doing)

Formation:
โ€ข Verb (ใฆ form) + ใฟใ‚‹

Meaning: "try doing", "do and see"

Examples:
โ€ข ใ“ใฎๆ–™็†ใ‚’้ฃŸในใฆใฟใŸใ„ใ€‚
ใ€€(I want to try eating this dish.)

โ€ข ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
ใ€€(Let's try using a new method.)

โ€ข ๆผขๅญ—ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
ใ€€(Please try writing the kanji.)

โ€ข ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ€€(I'll try thinking about it once more.)

Pattern 9: ใ“ใจใซใ™ใ‚‹/ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ (Decision/Decided)

Formation:
โ€ข Verb (plain form) + ใ“ใจใซใ™ใ‚‹ (decide to)
โ€ข Verb (plain form) + ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ (it's decided)

Meaning:
โ€ข ใ“ใจใซใ™ใ‚‹ = decide to do
โ€ข ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ = it's been decided (external decision)

Examples - ใ“ใจใซใ™ใ‚‹:
โ€ข ็•™ๅญฆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใ€€(I decided to study abroad.)

โ€ข ใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใ€€(I decided to quit smoking.)

Examples - ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹:
โ€ข ๆฅๆœˆ่ปขๅ‹คใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใ€€(It's been decided I'll transfer next month.)

โ€ข ไผš่ญฐใฏไธญๆญขใซใชใฃใŸใ€‚
ใ€€(The meeting was canceled / It was decided to cancel.)

Pattern 10: ใŸใพใพ (Remain in State)

Formation:
โ€ข Verb (ใŸ form) + ใพใพ
โ€ข Noun + ใฎ + ใพใพ

Meaning: "remain as is", "leave unchanged"

Examples:
โ€ข ้›ปๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใŸใพใพๅฏใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใ€‚
ใ€€(I fell asleep with the light still on.)

โ€ข ้ดใ‚’ๅฑฅใ„ใŸใพใพๅ…ฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
ใ€€(Please don't enter with your shoes on.)

โ€ข ็ซ‹ใฃใŸใพใพ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ€€(They're talking while standing.)

โ€ข ใใฎใพใพใซใ—ใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
ใ€€(Please leave it as it is.)

Pattern 11: ใ— (Multiple Reasons)

Formation:
โ€ข Verb/Adjective (plain form) + ใ—
โ€ข Can list multiple reasons with ใ—

Meaning: "and", "also" (listing reasons)

Examples:
โ€ข ๅฎ‰ใ„ใ—ใ€ใŠใ„ใ—ใ„ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ€€(It's cheap, and delicious - I like this restaurant.)

โ€ข ้›จใ‚‚้™ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ—ใ€ๅฏ’ใ„ใ—ใ€ๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใŸใใชใ„ใ€‚
ใ€€(It's raining, and cold - I don't want to go out.)

โ€ข ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚‚่ฉฑใ›ใ‚‹ใ—ใ€ๆผขๅญ—ใ‚‚่ชญใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ€€(I can speak Japanese, and I can read kanji too.)

โ€ข ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ—ใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ—ใ€็„ก็†ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ€€(I have no time, and no money - it's impossible.)

Pattern 12: ใŸใ‚Š๏ฝžใŸใ‚Š (Listing Actions)

Formation:
โ€ข Verb (ใŸ form) + ใ‚Š + Verb (ใŸ form) + ใ‚Š + ใ™ใ‚‹

Meaning: "do things like...", "sometimes...sometimes"

Examples:
โ€ข ้€ฑๆœซใฏๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šใ€้Ÿณๆฅฝใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ€€(On weekends I do things like read and listen to music.)

โ€ข ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅ‹้”ใจ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ€€(I study Japanese and talk with friends, among other things.)

โ€ข ๅคฉๆฐ—ใŒใ„ใ„ๆ—ฅใฏๆ•ฃๆญฉใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๆ’ฎใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ€€(On nice days I walk and take photos, etc.)

โ€ข ๆณฃใ„ใŸใ‚Š็ฌ‘ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ€€(Crying and laughing / alternating between crying and laughing.)

โœ๏ธ Practice Exercises

Exercise 1: Choose the Correct Pattern

1. ใŠใ„ใ—๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟๆ–™็†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
a) ใใ†
b) ใใ†ใช
c) ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
d) ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„
2. ๅ‹้”ใŒๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใ€‚
a) ใ‚ใ’ใŸ
b) ใใ‚ŒใŸ
c) ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใฃใŸ
d) ใ„ใŸใ ใ„ใŸ
3. ๅฏŒๅฃซๅฑฑใซ็™ปใฃใŸ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
a) ใฎ
b) ใ“ใจ
c) ใ‚‚ใฎ
d) ใจใ“ใ‚
4. ใ“ใฎๆ–™็†ใ‚’้ฃŸในใฆ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใŸใ„ใ€‚
a) ใŠใ
b) ใฟ
c) ใ—ใพใ„
d) ใ„ใ
5. ็•™ๅญฆใ™ใ‚‹๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
a) ใฎ
b) ใ“ใจ
c) ใ‚‚ใฎ
d) ใŸใ‚

Exercise 2: Complete the Sentence

6. ้›ปๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใŸ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟๅฏใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใ€‚
a) ใพใพ
b) ใพใพใง
c) ใฎใง
d) ใ‹ใ‚‰
7. ๅฎ‰ใ„๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใ€ใŠใ„ใ—ใ„๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใ€ใ“ใ“ใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
a) ใงใ€ใง
b) ใ—ใ€ใ—
c) ใฆใ€ใฆ
d) ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰
8. ๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใ€้Ÿณๆฅฝใ‚’่žใ„ใŸ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
a) ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚Š
b) ใฆใ€ใฆ
c) ใงใ€ใง
d) ใ—ใ€ใ—
9. ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฏ้›จ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใงใ™ใ€‚
a) ใใ†
b) ใ‚ˆใ†
c) ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„
d) ใฟใŸใ„
10. ๅ…ˆ็”ŸใซๆŽจ่–ฆ็Šถใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
a) ใ‚ใ’
b) ใใ‚Œ
c) ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„
d) ใ„ใŸใ ใ

Exercise 3: Choose the Best Match

11. ๅฝผใฏๆ—ฅๆœฌไบบ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใ ใ€‚
a) ใใ†
b) ใฎ + ใ‚ˆใ†
c) ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„
d) all possible
12. ๅฆนใซๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใพใ™ใ€‚
a) ใ‚ใ’
b) ใใ‚Œ
c) ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„
d) ใ‚„ใ‚Š
13. ็ด่ฑ†ใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใŒใชใ„ใ€‚
a) ใฎ
b) ใ“ใจ
c) ใ‚‚ใฎ
d) ใจใ“ใ‚
14. ๆฅๆœˆ่ปขๅ‹คใ™ใ‚‹๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใซใชใฃใŸใ€‚
a) ใฎ
b) ใ“ใจ
c) ใ‚‚ใฎ
d) ใŸใ‚
15. ้ดใ‚’ๅฑฅใ„ใŸ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟๅ…ฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
a) ใพใพ
b) ใพใพใง
c) ใฎใง
d) ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰

โœ… Answer Key & Explanations

Exercise 1:
1. b) ใใ†ใช
   ใŠใ„ใ—ใใ†ใช = looks delicious
   Drop ใ„, add ใใ†; modifying noun needs ใช

2. b) ใใ‚ŒใŸ
   ๅ‹้”ใŒๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใใ‚ŒใŸ = friend helped me
   ใใ‚Œใ‚‹ = someone does for me

3. b) ใ“ใจ
   ็™ปใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ = have climbed before
   Fixed pattern for experience

4. b) ใฟ
   ้ฃŸในใฆใฟใŸใ„ = want to try eating
   ใฆใฟใ‚‹ = try doing

5. b) ใ“ใจ
   ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ™ใ‚‹ = decide to do
   Fixed pattern for decision

Exercise 2:
6. a) ใพใพ
   ใคใ‘ใŸใพใพ = with it left on
   ใŸใพใพ = remain in that state

7. b) ใ—ใ€ใ—
   ๅฎ‰ใ„ใ—ใ€ใŠใ„ใ—ใ„ใ— = cheap and delicious
   ใ— lists multiple reasons

8. a) ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚Š
   ่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šใ€่žใ„ใŸใ‚Š = do things like read and listen
   ใŸใ‚Š๏ฝžใŸใ‚Š pattern for listing actions

9. c) ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„
   ้›จใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ = apparently rain
   ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ indicates hearsay/information

10. c) ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ or d) ใ„ใŸใ ใ
    ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ† = have someone write
    ใซ marks person doing action; ใ„ใŸใ ใ is humble

Exercise 3:
11. b) ใฎใ‚ˆใ†
    ๆ—ฅๆœฌไบบใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใ  = seems to be Japanese
    Noun needs ใฎ before ใ‚ˆใ†ใ 

12. a) ใ‚ใ’
    ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ = will teach (for her)
    ใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ = do for someone else

13. b) ใ“ใจ
    ้ฃŸในใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ = never eaten
    Fixed pattern for (lack of) experience

14. b) ใ“ใจ
    ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใฃใŸ = it was decided
    Fixed pattern for external decision

15. a) ใพใพ
    ๅฑฅใ„ใŸใพใพ = with shoes on
    ใŸใพใพ = remain wearing

Scoring:
13-15: Excellent! Strong pattern mastery
10-12: Good! Minor review needed
7-9: Fair - practice more contexts
0-6: Keep studying - focus on pattern formation

๐ŸŽฏ Key Takeaways