Understanding N3 Sentence Patterns
Sentence patterns are fixed grammatical structures that convey specific meanings. Mastering these patterns allows you to express complex ideas naturally and understand Japanese at an intermediate level. This section covers essential N3-level sentence patterns used frequently in daily communication.
๐ฏ Core Sentence Pattern Categories
N3 Sentence Pattern Types:
1. Expressions of State/Appearance:
- ใใใ (looks like, seems)
- ใใใ (it seems, appears)
- ใใใ (seems, apparently)
- ใฟใใใ (like, seems - casual)
2. Giving/Receiving Patterns:
- ใฆใใใ (do for someone)
- ใฆใใใ (someone does for me)
- ใฆใใใ (receive favor)
- ใฆใใ ใใ (honorific - do for me)
3. Experience & Trial:
- ใใใจใใใ (have experienced)
- ใฆใฟใ (try doing)
- ใใจใซใใ (decide to)
- ใใจใซใชใ (it's been decided)
4. State Continuation:
- ใใพใพ (remain in state)
- ใฃใฑใชใ (left in state)
- ใฆใใ (ongoing state/action)
- ใฆใใ (state resulting from action)
5. Listing & Examples:
- ใ (and, also - multiple reasons)
- ใใ๏ฝใใ (do things like)
- ใชใฉ (and so on, etc.)
- ใจใ (and, or - casual listing)
๐ Pattern Details & Usage
Pattern 1: ใใใ (Appearance)
Formation:
โข ใ-adjective (drop ใ) + ใใใ
โข ใช-adjective + ใใใ
โข Verb (masu stem) + ใใใ
Meaning: "looks like", "seems", "appears"
Examples:
โข ใใใใใใชๆ็ใงใใญใ
ใ(That looks like delicious food.)
โข ้จใ้ใใใใงใใ
ใ(It looks like it will rain.)
โข ใใฎๅ้กใฏ้ฃใใใใ ใ
ใ(This problem looks difficult.)
โข ๅฝผใฏๅ ๆฐใใใซ่ฆใใใ
ใ(He looks healthy/energetic.)
Exceptions:
โข ใใ โ ใใใใ (good-looking)
โข ใชใ โ ใชใใใ (doesn't seem to exist)
โข ใ-adjective (drop ใ) + ใใใ
โข ใช-adjective + ใใใ
โข Verb (masu stem) + ใใใ
Meaning: "looks like", "seems", "appears"
Examples:
โข ใใใใใใชๆ็ใงใใญใ
ใ(That looks like delicious food.)
โข ้จใ้ใใใใงใใ
ใ(It looks like it will rain.)
โข ใใฎๅ้กใฏ้ฃใใใใ ใ
ใ(This problem looks difficult.)
โข ๅฝผใฏๅ ๆฐใใใซ่ฆใใใ
ใ(He looks healthy/energetic.)
Exceptions:
โข ใใ โ ใใใใ (good-looking)
โข ใชใ โ ใชใใใ (doesn't seem to exist)
Pattern 2: ใใใ (Seems/Appears)
Formation:
โข Verb (plain form) + ใใใ
โข ใ-adjective + ใใใ
โข ใช-adjective + ใช + ใใใ
โข Noun + ใฎ + ใใใ
Meaning: "it seems", "it appears", "like"
Examples:
โข ๅฝผใฏๆฅๆฌไบบใฎใใใ ใ
ใ(He seems to be Japanese.)
โข ้จใ้ใฃใใใใงใใญใ
ใ(It seems like it rained.)
โข ใใฎๆฌใฏ้ข็ฝใใใใงใใ
ใ(This book seems interesting.)
โข ๅคขใฎใใใช่ฉฑใ ใ
ใ(It's a dream-like story.)
โข Verb (plain form) + ใใใ
โข ใ-adjective + ใใใ
โข ใช-adjective + ใช + ใใใ
โข Noun + ใฎ + ใใใ
Meaning: "it seems", "it appears", "like"
Examples:
โข ๅฝผใฏๆฅๆฌไบบใฎใใใ ใ
ใ(He seems to be Japanese.)
โข ้จใ้ใฃใใใใงใใญใ
ใ(It seems like it rained.)
โข ใใฎๆฌใฏ้ข็ฝใใใใงใใ
ใ(This book seems interesting.)
โข ๅคขใฎใใใช่ฉฑใ ใ
ใ(It's a dream-like story.)
Pattern 3: ใใใ (Apparently)
Formation:
โข Verb (plain form) + ใใใ
โข ใ-adjective + ใใใ
โข ใช-adjective + ใใใ
โข Noun + ใใใ
Meaning: "apparently", "seems" (based on information)
Examples:
โข ๆๆฅใฏ้จใใใใ
ใ(Apparently it will rain tomorrow.)
โข ๅฝผใฏ็ ๆฐใใใใงใใ
ใ(It seems he's sick.)
โข ใใฎใฌในใใฉใณใฏๆๅใใใใ
ใ(This restaurant is apparently famous.)
โข ๅญฆ็ใใใๆ่ฃ
ใ(student-like clothing/typical student attire)
โข Verb (plain form) + ใใใ
โข ใ-adjective + ใใใ
โข ใช-adjective + ใใใ
โข Noun + ใใใ
Meaning: "apparently", "seems" (based on information)
Examples:
โข ๆๆฅใฏ้จใใใใ
ใ(Apparently it will rain tomorrow.)
โข ๅฝผใฏ็ ๆฐใใใใงใใ
ใ(It seems he's sick.)
โข ใใฎใฌในใใฉใณใฏๆๅใใใใ
ใ(This restaurant is apparently famous.)
โข ๅญฆ็ใใใๆ่ฃ
ใ(student-like clothing/typical student attire)
Pattern 4: ใฆใใใ (Do for Someone)
Formation:
โข Verb (ใฆ form) + ใใใ
Meaning: "do (something) for (someone)"
Direction: I/we โ others (giving)
Examples:
โข ๅ้ใซๆฌใ่ฒธใใฆใใใใ
ใ(I lent a book to my friend.)
โข ๅฆนใซๆฅๆฌ่ชใๆใใฆใใใพใใ
ใ(I'll teach Japanese to my younger sister.)
โข ๆไผใฃใฆใใใพใใใใใ
ใ(Shall I help you?)
Note: Can sound patronizing if used improperly
โข Verb (ใฆ form) + ใใใ
Meaning: "do (something) for (someone)"
Direction: I/we โ others (giving)
Examples:
โข ๅ้ใซๆฌใ่ฒธใใฆใใใใ
ใ(I lent a book to my friend.)
โข ๅฆนใซๆฅๆฌ่ชใๆใใฆใใใพใใ
ใ(I'll teach Japanese to my younger sister.)
โข ๆไผใฃใฆใใใพใใใใใ
ใ(Shall I help you?)
Note: Can sound patronizing if used improperly
Pattern 5: ใฆใใใ (Someone Does for Me)
Formation:
โข Verb (ใฆ form) + ใใใ
Meaning: "(someone) does (something) for me/us"
Direction: Others โ me/us (receiving)
Examples:
โข ๅ้ใๆไผใฃใฆใใใใ
ใ(My friend helped me.)
โข ๅ ็ใ่ชฌๆใใฆใใใพใใใ
ใ(The teacher explained it for us.)
โข ๆฏใๆ็ใไฝใฃใฆใใใพใใ
ใ(My mother makes food for me.)
โข ๆใใฆใใใฆใใใใจใใ
ใ(Thank you for teaching me.)
โข Verb (ใฆ form) + ใใใ
Meaning: "(someone) does (something) for me/us"
Direction: Others โ me/us (receiving)
Examples:
โข ๅ้ใๆไผใฃใฆใใใใ
ใ(My friend helped me.)
โข ๅ ็ใ่ชฌๆใใฆใใใพใใใ
ใ(The teacher explained it for us.)
โข ๆฏใๆ็ใไฝใฃใฆใใใพใใ
ใ(My mother makes food for me.)
โข ๆใใฆใใใฆใใใใจใใ
ใ(Thank you for teaching me.)
Pattern 6: ใฆใใใ (Receive Favor)
Formation:
โข Verb (ใฆ form) + ใใใ
Meaning: "receive the favor of", "have someone do"
Direction: Me/us receiving action from others
Examples:
โข ๅ้ใซๆไผใฃใฆใใใฃใใ
ใ(I had my friend help me.)
โข ๅ ็ใซๆจ่ฆ็ถใๆธใใฆใใใใพใใใ
ใ(I had the teacher write a recommendation.)
โข ๆฏใซ้ง ใพใง้ใฃใฆใใใใ
ใ(I'll have my mother take me to the station.)
Particle: Use ใซ for the person doing the action
โข Verb (ใฆ form) + ใใใ
Meaning: "receive the favor of", "have someone do"
Direction: Me/us receiving action from others
Examples:
โข ๅ้ใซๆไผใฃใฆใใใฃใใ
ใ(I had my friend help me.)
โข ๅ ็ใซๆจ่ฆ็ถใๆธใใฆใใใใพใใใ
ใ(I had the teacher write a recommendation.)
โข ๆฏใซ้ง ใพใง้ใฃใฆใใใใ
ใ(I'll have my mother take me to the station.)
Particle: Use ใซ for the person doing the action
Pattern 7: ใใใจใใใ (Have Experience)
Formation:
โข Verb (ใ form) + ใใจใใใ
Meaning: "have done before", "have the experience of"
Examples:
โข ๅฏๅฃซๅฑฑใซ็ปใฃใใใจใใใใพใใ
ใ(I have climbed Mt. Fuji before.)
โข ใใฎๆ ็ปใ่ฆใใใจใใใใพใใใ
ใ(Have you seen this movie before?)
โข ็ด่ฑใ้ฃในใใใจใใชใใ
ใ(I've never eaten natto.)
โข ไธๅบฆใ ใไผใฃใใใจใใใใ
ใ(I've met (them) once before.)
โข Verb (ใ form) + ใใจใใใ
Meaning: "have done before", "have the experience of"
Examples:
โข ๅฏๅฃซๅฑฑใซ็ปใฃใใใจใใใใพใใ
ใ(I have climbed Mt. Fuji before.)
โข ใใฎๆ ็ปใ่ฆใใใจใใใใพใใใ
ใ(Have you seen this movie before?)
โข ็ด่ฑใ้ฃในใใใจใใชใใ
ใ(I've never eaten natto.)
โข ไธๅบฆใ ใไผใฃใใใจใใใใ
ใ(I've met (them) once before.)
Pattern 8: ใฆใฟใ (Try Doing)
Formation:
โข Verb (ใฆ form) + ใฟใ
Meaning: "try doing", "do and see"
Examples:
โข ใใฎๆ็ใ้ฃในใฆใฟใใใ
ใ(I want to try eating this dish.)
โข ๆฐใใๆนๆณใไฝฟใฃใฆใฟใพใใใใ
ใ(Let's try using a new method.)
โข ๆผขๅญใๆธใใฆใฟใฆใใ ใใใ
ใ(Please try writing the kanji.)
โข ใใไธๅบฆ่ใใฆใฟใพใใ
ใ(I'll try thinking about it once more.)
โข Verb (ใฆ form) + ใฟใ
Meaning: "try doing", "do and see"
Examples:
โข ใใฎๆ็ใ้ฃในใฆใฟใใใ
ใ(I want to try eating this dish.)
โข ๆฐใใๆนๆณใไฝฟใฃใฆใฟใพใใใใ
ใ(Let's try using a new method.)
โข ๆผขๅญใๆธใใฆใฟใฆใใ ใใใ
ใ(Please try writing the kanji.)
โข ใใไธๅบฆ่ใใฆใฟใพใใ
ใ(I'll try thinking about it once more.)
Pattern 9: ใใจใซใใ/ใใจใซใชใ (Decision/Decided)
Formation:
โข Verb (plain form) + ใใจใซใใ (decide to)
โข Verb (plain form) + ใใจใซใชใ (it's decided)
Meaning:
โข ใใจใซใใ = decide to do
โข ใใจใซใชใ = it's been decided (external decision)
Examples - ใใจใซใใ:
โข ็ๅญฆใใใใจใซใใพใใใ
ใ(I decided to study abroad.)
โข ใฟใใณใใใใใใจใซใใใ
ใ(I decided to quit smoking.)
Examples - ใใจใซใชใ:
โข ๆฅๆ่ปขๅคใใใใจใซใชใใพใใใ
ใ(It's been decided I'll transfer next month.)
โข ไผ่ญฐใฏไธญๆญขใซใชใฃใใ
ใ(The meeting was canceled / It was decided to cancel.)
โข Verb (plain form) + ใใจใซใใ (decide to)
โข Verb (plain form) + ใใจใซใชใ (it's decided)
Meaning:
โข ใใจใซใใ = decide to do
โข ใใจใซใชใ = it's been decided (external decision)
Examples - ใใจใซใใ:
โข ็ๅญฆใใใใจใซใใพใใใ
ใ(I decided to study abroad.)
โข ใฟใใณใใใใใใจใซใใใ
ใ(I decided to quit smoking.)
Examples - ใใจใซใชใ:
โข ๆฅๆ่ปขๅคใใใใจใซใชใใพใใใ
ใ(It's been decided I'll transfer next month.)
โข ไผ่ญฐใฏไธญๆญขใซใชใฃใใ
ใ(The meeting was canceled / It was decided to cancel.)
Pattern 10: ใใพใพ (Remain in State)
Formation:
โข Verb (ใ form) + ใพใพ
โข Noun + ใฎ + ใพใพ
Meaning: "remain as is", "leave unchanged"
Examples:
โข ้ปๆฐใใคใใใพใพๅฏใฆใใพใฃใใ
ใ(I fell asleep with the light still on.)
โข ้ดใๅฑฅใใใพใพๅ ฅใใชใใงใใ ใใใ
ใ(Please don't enter with your shoes on.)
โข ็ซใฃใใพใพ่ฉฑใใฆใใพใใ
ใ(They're talking while standing.)
โข ใใฎใพใพใซใใฆใใใฆใใ ใใใ
ใ(Please leave it as it is.)
โข Verb (ใ form) + ใพใพ
โข Noun + ใฎ + ใพใพ
Meaning: "remain as is", "leave unchanged"
Examples:
โข ้ปๆฐใใคใใใพใพๅฏใฆใใพใฃใใ
ใ(I fell asleep with the light still on.)
โข ้ดใๅฑฅใใใพใพๅ ฅใใชใใงใใ ใใใ
ใ(Please don't enter with your shoes on.)
โข ็ซใฃใใพใพ่ฉฑใใฆใใพใใ
ใ(They're talking while standing.)
โข ใใฎใพใพใซใใฆใใใฆใใ ใใใ
ใ(Please leave it as it is.)
Pattern 11: ใ (Multiple Reasons)
Formation:
โข Verb/Adjective (plain form) + ใ
โข Can list multiple reasons with ใ
Meaning: "and", "also" (listing reasons)
Examples:
โข ๅฎใใใใใใใใใใใฎใฌในใใฉใณใๅฅฝใใงใใ
ใ(It's cheap, and delicious - I like this restaurant.)
โข ้จใ้ใฃใฆใใใใๅฏใใใๅบใใใใใชใใ
ใ(It's raining, and cold - I don't want to go out.)
โข ๆฅๆฌ่ชใ่ฉฑใใใใๆผขๅญใ่ชญใใพใใ
ใ(I can speak Japanese, and I can read kanji too.)
โข ๆ้ใใชใใใใ้ใใชใใใ็ก็ใงใใ
ใ(I have no time, and no money - it's impossible.)
โข Verb/Adjective (plain form) + ใ
โข Can list multiple reasons with ใ
Meaning: "and", "also" (listing reasons)
Examples:
โข ๅฎใใใใใใใใใใใฎใฌในใใฉใณใๅฅฝใใงใใ
ใ(It's cheap, and delicious - I like this restaurant.)
โข ้จใ้ใฃใฆใใใใๅฏใใใๅบใใใใใชใใ
ใ(It's raining, and cold - I don't want to go out.)
โข ๆฅๆฌ่ชใ่ฉฑใใใใๆผขๅญใ่ชญใใพใใ
ใ(I can speak Japanese, and I can read kanji too.)
โข ๆ้ใใชใใใใ้ใใชใใใ็ก็ใงใใ
ใ(I have no time, and no money - it's impossible.)
Pattern 12: ใใ๏ฝใใ (Listing Actions)
Formation:
โข Verb (ใ form) + ใ + Verb (ใ form) + ใ + ใใ
Meaning: "do things like...", "sometimes...sometimes"
Examples:
โข ้ฑๆซใฏๆฌใ่ชญใใ ใใ้ณๆฅฝใ่ใใใใใพใใ
ใ(On weekends I do things like read and listen to music.)
โข ๆฅๆฌ่ชใๅๅผทใใใใๅ้ใจ่ฉฑใใใใใฆใใพใใ
ใ(I study Japanese and talk with friends, among other things.)
โข ๅคฉๆฐใใใๆฅใฏๆฃๆญฉใใใใๅ็ใๆฎใฃใใใใใ
ใ(On nice days I walk and take photos, etc.)
โข ๆณฃใใใ็ฌใฃใใใใใ
ใ(Crying and laughing / alternating between crying and laughing.)
โข Verb (ใ form) + ใ + Verb (ใ form) + ใ + ใใ
Meaning: "do things like...", "sometimes...sometimes"
Examples:
โข ้ฑๆซใฏๆฌใ่ชญใใ ใใ้ณๆฅฝใ่ใใใใใพใใ
ใ(On weekends I do things like read and listen to music.)
โข ๆฅๆฌ่ชใๅๅผทใใใใๅ้ใจ่ฉฑใใใใใฆใใพใใ
ใ(I study Japanese and talk with friends, among other things.)
โข ๅคฉๆฐใใใๆฅใฏๆฃๆญฉใใใใๅ็ใๆฎใฃใใใใใ
ใ(On nice days I walk and take photos, etc.)
โข ๆณฃใใใ็ฌใฃใใใใใ
ใ(Crying and laughing / alternating between crying and laughing.)
โ๏ธ Practice Exercises
Exercise 1: Choose the Correct Pattern
1. ใใใ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟๆ็ใงใใญใ
a) ใใ
b) ใใใช
c) ใใใซ
d) ใใใ
a) ใใ
b) ใใใช
c) ใใใซ
d) ใใใ
2. ๅ้ใๆไผใฃใฆ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใ
a) ใใใ
b) ใใใ
c) ใใใฃใ
d) ใใใ ใใ
a) ใใใ
b) ใใใ
c) ใใใฃใ
d) ใใใ ใใ
3. ๅฏๅฃซๅฑฑใซ็ปใฃใ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใใใใพใใ
a) ใฎ
b) ใใจ
c) ใใฎ
d) ใจใใ
a) ใฎ
b) ใใจ
c) ใใฎ
d) ใจใใ
4. ใใฎๆ็ใ้ฃในใฆ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใใใ
a) ใใ
b) ใฟ
c) ใใพใ
d) ใใ
a) ใใ
b) ใฟ
c) ใใพใ
d) ใใ
5. ็ๅญฆใใ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใซใใพใใใ
a) ใฎ
b) ใใจ
c) ใใฎ
d) ใใ
a) ใฎ
b) ใใจ
c) ใใฎ
d) ใใ
Exercise 2: Complete the Sentence
6. ้ปๆฐใใคใใ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟๅฏใฆใใพใฃใใ
a) ใพใพ
b) ใพใพใง
c) ใฎใง
d) ใใ
a) ใพใพ
b) ใพใพใง
c) ใฎใง
d) ใใ
7. ๅฎใ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใใใใใ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใใใใๅฅฝใใงใใ
a) ใงใใง
b) ใใใ
c) ใฆใใฆ
d) ใใใใใ
a) ใงใใง
b) ใใใ
c) ใฆใใฆ
d) ใใใใใ
8. ๆฌใ่ชญใใ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใ้ณๆฅฝใ่ใใ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใใพใใ
a) ใใใ
b) ใฆใใฆ
c) ใงใใง
d) ใใใ
a) ใใใ
b) ใฆใใฆ
c) ใงใใง
d) ใใใ
9. ๆๆฅใฏ้จ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใงใใ
a) ใใ
b) ใใ
c) ใใใ
d) ใฟใใ
a) ใใ
b) ใใ
c) ใใใ
d) ใฟใใ
10. ๅ
็ใซๆจ่ฆ็ถใๆธใใฆ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใพใใใ
a) ใใ
b) ใใ
c) ใใใ
d) ใใใ ใ
a) ใใ
b) ใใ
c) ใใใ
d) ใใใ ใ
Exercise 3: Choose the Best Match
11. ๅฝผใฏๆฅๆฌไบบ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใ ใ
a) ใใ
b) ใฎ + ใใ
c) ใใใ
d) all possible
a) ใใ
b) ใฎ + ใใ
c) ใใใ
d) all possible
12. ๅฆนใซๆฅๆฌ่ชใๆใใฆ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใพใใ
a) ใใ
b) ใใ
c) ใใใ
d) ใใ
a) ใใ
b) ใใ
c) ใใใ
d) ใใ
13. ็ด่ฑใ้ฃในใ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใใชใใ
a) ใฎ
b) ใใจ
c) ใใฎ
d) ใจใใ
a) ใฎ
b) ใใจ
c) ใใฎ
d) ใจใใ
14. ๆฅๆ่ปขๅคใใ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟใซใชใฃใใ
a) ใฎ
b) ใใจ
c) ใใฎ
d) ใใ
a) ใฎ
b) ใใจ
c) ใใฎ
d) ใใ
15. ้ดใๅฑฅใใ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟๅ
ฅใใชใใงใใ ใใใ
a) ใพใพ
b) ใพใพใง
c) ใฎใง
d) ใฆใใ
a) ใพใพ
b) ใพใพใง
c) ใฎใง
d) ใฆใใ
โ Answer Key & Explanations
Exercise 1:
1. b) ใใใช
ใใใใใใช = looks delicious
Drop ใ, add ใใ; modifying noun needs ใช
2. b) ใใใ
ๅ้ใๆไผใฃใฆใใใ = friend helped me
ใใใ = someone does for me
3. b) ใใจ
็ปใฃใใใจใใใ = have climbed before
Fixed pattern for experience
4. b) ใฟ
้ฃในใฆใฟใใ = want to try eating
ใฆใฟใ = try doing
5. b) ใใจ
ใใใใจใซใใ = decide to do
Fixed pattern for decision
Exercise 2:
6. a) ใพใพ
ใคใใใพใพ = with it left on
ใใพใพ = remain in that state
7. b) ใใใ
ๅฎใใใใใใใใ = cheap and delicious
ใ lists multiple reasons
8. a) ใใใ
่ชญใใ ใใ่ใใใ = do things like read and listen
ใใ๏ฝใใ pattern for listing actions
9. c) ใใใ
้จใใใ = apparently rain
ใใใ indicates hearsay/information
10. c) ใใใ or d) ใใใ ใ
ๆธใใฆใใใ = have someone write
ใซ marks person doing action; ใใใ ใ is humble
Exercise 3:
11. b) ใฎใใ
ๆฅๆฌไบบใฎใใใ = seems to be Japanese
Noun needs ใฎ before ใใใ
12. a) ใใ
ๆใใฆใใใพใ = will teach (for her)
ใใใ = do for someone else
13. b) ใใจ
้ฃในใใใจใใชใ = never eaten
Fixed pattern for (lack of) experience
14. b) ใใจ
ใใใใจใซใชใฃใ = it was decided
Fixed pattern for external decision
15. a) ใพใพ
ๅฑฅใใใพใพ = with shoes on
ใใพใพ = remain wearing
Scoring:
13-15: Excellent! Strong pattern mastery
10-12: Good! Minor review needed
7-9: Fair - practice more contexts
0-6: Keep studying - focus on pattern formation
๐ฏ Key Takeaways
- ใใใ : Based on visual appearance - "looks like" (drop ใ for ใ-adjectives)
- ใใใ /ใใใ: Both mean "seems" - ใใใ based on information heard
- ใฆใใใ/ใใใ/ใใใ: Direction matters - who gives/receives the favor
- ใใใจใใใ: Past experience - "have done before"
- ใฆใฟใ: Try doing to see result - experimental action
- ใใจใซใใ vs ใใจใซใชใ: Personal decision vs external decision
- ใใพใพ: Remain in unchanged state - often unintentional
- ใ: Lists multiple reasons informally - can stand alone