Understanding N2 Grammar Patterns
N2 grammar patterns are more sophisticated than N3 and often appear in formal writing, news articles, and academic texts. These patterns express complex relationships like extent, emphasis, change, and conjecture. Mastering these will significantly improve your reading comprehension and expression ability.
๐ฏ Degree and Extent Patterns
1. ๏ฝใปใฉ (to the extent that)
Meaning: to the extent that, so... that
Usage: Verb/Adj + ใปใฉ
Examples:
ๆถใๅบใใปใฉๅฌใใใ
I'm so happy that tears come out.
ๆญปใฌใปใฉ็ฒใใใ
I'm tired to death (extremely tired).
ไฟกใใใใชใใปใฉ็พใใใ
Beautiful to an unbelievable extent.
Pattern: ใใฐใใปใฉ (the more... the more...)
ๅๅผทใใใฐใใใปใฉใ้ฃใใใชใใ
The more you study, the more difficult it becomes.
2. ๏ฝใฐใใ (nothing but, just)
Meaning: nothing but, only, just
Usage: Verb(ใฆ form) + ใฐใใ
Examples:
้ใใงใฐใใใใใ
Do nothing but play.
ๆๅฅใ่จใฃใฆใฐใใใใใ
Do nothing but complain.
ๅคฑๆใใฆใฐใใใ ใ
I do nothing but fail.
Special form: ใใใฐใใ (just finished)
ไปใ่ตทใใใฐใใใ ใ
I just woke up now.
3. ๏ฝใใ/ใฃใใ (only, since then)
Meaning: only, and no more; since then
Usage: Noun/Number + ใใ, Verb(ใ) + ใใ
Examples:
ไธๅบฆไผใฃใใใใ้ฃ็ตกใใชใใ
Since meeting once, there's been no contact.
ๅฝผใฏๅบใใใใใๅธฐใฃใฆใใชใใ
He went out and hasn't come back since.
ใใใใใงใใ
This is all. (no more)
4. ๏ฝใใพใ (so much that, excessive)
Meaning: so much that, due to excess
Usage: Verb(plain) + ใใพใ, Noun + ใฎ + ใใพใ
Examples:
ๅฌใใใฎใใพใใๆณฃใใฆใใพใฃใใ
I was so happy that I cried.
ๅฟ้
ใฎใใพใใ็ ใใชใใฃใใ
I was so worried that I couldn't sleep.
้ฉใใฎใใพใใ่จ่ใๅบใชใใฃใใ
I was so surprised that words wouldn't come out.
๐ State and Condition Patterns
5. ๏ฝใพใพ (as it is, while)
Meaning: as it is, unchanged state, while
Usage: Verb(ใ) + ใพใพ, Noun + ใฎ + ใพใพ
Examples:
็ชใ้ใใใพใพๅฏใใ
I slept with the window open (left as is).
้ดใๅฑฅใใใพใพๅ
ฅใฃใฆใฏใใใชใใ
You mustn't enter while wearing shoes.
ๅญไพใฎใพใพใฎๅฟใๆใฃใฆใใใ
Has a child-like heart (unchanged from childhood).
6. ๏ฝใฃใฑใชใ (left in that state)
Meaning: left undone, left in that state (negative nuance)
Usage: Verb(masu stem) + ใฃใฑใชใ
Examples:
้ปๆฐใใคใใฃใฑใชใใซใใใ
I left the lights on.
ใใขใ้ใใฃใฑใชใใ ใ
The door is left open.
ไปไบใๅบใใฃใฑใชใใซใใฆใใใ
Work is left spread out (messy).
7. ๏ฝใคใค (while doing, although)
Meaning: while doing (formal), although
Usage: Verb(masu stem) + ใคใค
Examples:
้ณๆฅฝใ่ใใคใคใๅๅผทใใใ
Study while listening to music.
ๆชใใจ็ฅใใคใคใใใฃใฆใใพใฃใใ
Although I knew it was bad, I did it.
ๆไปฃใฏๅคใใใคใคใใใ
Times are changing (in progress).
8. ๏ฝใใกใ (tend to, apt to)
Meaning: tend to, have a tendency to (usually negative)
Usage: Verb(masu stem) + ใใกใ , Noun + ใใกใ
Examples:
ๅฝผใฏ้
ๅปใใใกใ ใ
He tends to be late.
็
ๆฐใใกใงๅญฆๆ กใไผใใใจใๅคใใ
I'm often sick and frequently absent from school.
้จใฎๆฅใฏๆ้ฌฑใซใชใใใกใ ใ
On rainy days, one tends to feel depressed.
๐ซ Emphasis and Limitation Patterns
9. ๏ฝใซ้ใใชใ (nothing but, merely)
Meaning: nothing but, merely, only (downplaying)
Usage: Verb/Noun/Adj + ใซ้ใใชใ
Examples:
ใใใฏๅ่ซใซ้ใใชใใ
This is nothing but a joke.
ใใใฏๅใซ้ใใชใใ
That's merely a rumor.
็งใฏๅญฆ็ใซ้ใใชใใ
I'm merely a student.
10. ๏ฝใซใใใชใ vs ๏ฝใ ใใ
Similar but different nuance:
ใซ้ใใชใ (formal, downplaying):
ๅฝผใฏๅญไพใซ้ใใชใใ
He's merely a child. (dismissive)
ใ ใใ (neutral, simple limitation):
ๅฝผใฏๅญไพใ ใใ ใ
He's just a child. (neutral)
ใซ้ใใชใ is more formal and often used to
diminish importance or significance.
11. ๏ฝใใใ (it means that, naturally)
Meaning: it means that, naturally follows, no wonder
Usage: Verb/Adj(plain) + ใใใ
Examples:
ๅฝผใฏๅป่
ใ ใใ ใใๅฟใใใใใ ใ
He's a doctor. That's why he's busy (naturally).
ๆฏๆฅ็ทด็ฟใใใไธๆใซใชใฃใใใใ ใ
I practiced every day. No wonder I got better.
ใฟใใช็ฅใฃใฆใใใๆๅใชใใใ ใ
Everyone knows. That's why it's famous.
Negative: ใใใใงใฏใชใ (it doesn't mean that)
ๅซใใชใใใงใฏใชใใ
It doesn't mean I dislike it.
12. ๏ฝใใใซใฏใใใชใ (cannot afford to)
Meaning: cannot afford to, shouldn't
Usage: Verb(dictionary) + ใใใซใฏใใใชใ
Examples:
็ดๆใใใใใ่กใใชใใใใซใฏใใใชใใ
I made a promise, so I can't not go.
ๅ
็ใฎๅใงใๅใใคใใใใซใฏใใใชใใ
I can't lie in front of the teacher.
่ฒฌไปปใใใใใใ้ใใใใใซใฏใใใชใใ
I have responsibility, so I can't run away.
๐ Expression and Appearance Patterns
13. ๏ฝใใใ (typical of, seems like)
Two main meanings:
1. Typical of, befitting (noun + ใใใ)
ๅฝผใฏ็ทใใใใ
He's manly (typical of a man).
ๆฅใใใๅคฉๆฐใ ใ
It's spring-like weather.
ๅญไพใใใ้ใถใ
Play like a child (in a childlike way).
2. Seems like, apparently (hearsay)
้จใ้ใใใใใ
It seems it will rain (I heard).
ๅฝผใฏๅฟใใใใใใ
He seems to be busy (apparently).
14. ๏ฝใฃใฝใ (seems like, -ish)
Meaning: seems like, -ish, has characteristics of
Usage: Noun + ใฃใฝใ, Verb(masu stem) + ใฃใฝใ
Examples:
ๅญไพใฃใฝใใ
Childish.
ๅฟใใฃใฝใใ
Forgetful (tends to forget).
ใใฎ่ฒใฏ้ใฃใฝใใ
This color is bluish.
ๆใใฃใฝใไบบใ ใ
A person who gets angry easily.
15. ๏ฝๆฐๅณ (a touch of, slightly)
Meaning: a touch of, slightly (often negative/undesirable)
Usage: Noun + ๆฐๅณ, Verb(masu stem) + ๆฐๅณ
Examples:
้ขจ้ชๆฐๅณใ ใ
I have a slight cold.
ๅคชใๆฐๅณใ ใ
I'm slightly overweight.
็ฒใๆฐๅณใง่ชฟๅญใๆชใใ
I'm a bit tired and not feeling well.
๐ Advanced Combination Patterns
16. ๏ฝใใใใชใ (no way to, cannot possibly)
Meaning: no way to, cannot possibly
Usage: Verb(masu stem) + ใใใใชใ
Examples:
้ฃ็ตกๅ
ใ็ฅใใชใใใใ้ฃ็ตกใใใใใชใใ
I don't know the contact info, so there's no way to contact.
ใฉใใซใใใๅใใใชใใใใๆขใใใใใชใใ
I don't know where it is, so there's no way to search.
่ชฌๆใงใใชใใ่จใใใใใชใใ
I can't explain it. There's no way to say it.
17. ๏ฝใใใๅพใชใ (cannot help but, have no choice but)
Meaning: cannot help but, have no choice but (formal)
Usage: Verb(negative stem) + ใใใๅพใชใ
Special: ใใ โ ใใใใๅพใชใ
Examples:
ไบๅฎใ่ชใใใใๅพใชใใ
I have no choice but to acknowledge the facts.
่พ่ทใใใใๅพใชใ็ถๆณใ ใ
It's a situation where I must resign.
ใใฎๆกไปถใๅใๅ
ฅใใใใๅพใชใใ
I have no choice but to accept these conditions.
18. ๏ฝใใใฃใใใซ (triggered by, taking the opportunity)
Meaning: triggered by, taking the opportunity of
Usage: Noun + ใใใฃใใใซ(ใใฆ)
Examples:
ใใฎไบไปถใใใฃใใใซใๆณๅพใๅคใใฃใใ
Triggered by this incident, the law changed.
ๅฝผใจใฎๅบไผใใใใฃใใใซใไบบ็ใๅคใใฃใใ
Taking the opportunity of meeting him, my life changed.
็ตๅฉใใใฃใใใซใใฆใใฟใใณใใใใใ
Taking marriage as the opportunity, I quit smoking.
๐ก Pattern Practice
Fill in the Blank
ๆถใๅบใ___ๅฌใใใ
A. ใพใพ B. ใปใฉ C. ใใ D. ใใ
A. ใพใพ B. ใปใฉ C. ใใ D. ใใ
Answer: B. ใปใฉ (to the extent that)
I'm happy to the extent that tears come out.
I'm happy to the extent that tears come out.
้ใใง___ใใใ
A. ใฐใใ B. ใพใพ C. ใใก D. ใคใค
A. ใฐใใ B. ใพใพ C. ใใก D. ใคใค
Answer: A. ใฐใใ (nothing but)
Do nothing but play.
Do nothing but play.
้ปๆฐใใคใ___ใซใใใ
A. ใใก B. ใฃใฑใชใ C. ๆฐๅณ D. ใฃใฝใ
A. ใใก B. ใฃใฑใชใ C. ๆฐๅณ D. ใฃใฝใ
Answer: B. ใฃใฑใชใ (left on)
I left the lights on.
I left the lights on.
Choose the Correct Pattern
็ดๆใใใใใ่กใใชใ___ใ
A. ใใใ B. ใใใซใฏใใใชใ C. ใปใฉใ
A. ใใใ B. ใใใซใฏใใใชใ C. ใปใฉใ
Answer: B. ใใใซใฏใใใชใ
I made a promise, so I can't not go.
I made a promise, so I can't not go.
ๅฝผใฏๅป่
ใ ใใ ใใๅฟใใ___ใ
A. ใใใ B. ใใใซใฏใใใชใ C. ใซ้ใใชใ
A. ใใใ B. ใใใซใฏใใใชใ C. ใซ้ใใชใ
Answer: A. ใใใ (naturally)
He's a doctor. That's why he's busy (naturally).
He's a doctor. That's why he's busy (naturally).
๐ฏ Key Takeaways
- Degree patterns (ใปใฉ/ใใพใ): Express extent and excessive amounts
- State patterns (ใพใพ/ใฃใฑใชใ): Describe unchanged or left-alone conditions
- Tendency patterns (ใใกใ /ใฃใฝใ): Express habitual or characteristic behavior
- Limitation patterns (ใซ้ใใชใ): Downplay or emphasize limits
- Logical patterns (ใใใ /ใใใซใฏใใใชใ): Express natural conclusions or obligations
- Appearance patterns (ใใใ/ใฃใฝใ/ๆฐๅณ): Describe how things seem or appear
- Necessity patterns (ใใใๅพใชใ/ใใใใชใ): Express unavoidable situations
- Context matters: Choose patterns based on formality and situation