๐Ÿ“ Essential Grammar Patterns

Master Advanced N2 Grammar Structures

Understanding N2 Grammar Patterns

N2 grammar patterns are more sophisticated than N3 and often appear in formal writing, news articles, and academic texts. These patterns express complex relationships like extent, emphasis, change, and conjecture. Mastering these will significantly improve your reading comprehension and expression ability.

๐ŸŽฏ Degree and Extent Patterns

1. ๏ฝžใปใฉ (to the extent that)

Meaning: to the extent that, so... that
Usage: Verb/Adj + ใปใฉ

Examples:
ๆถ™ใŒๅ‡บใ‚‹ใปใฉๅฌ‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
I'm so happy that tears come out.

ๆญปใฌใปใฉ็–ฒใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚
I'm tired to death (extremely tired).

ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใปใฉ็พŽใ—ใ„ใ€‚
Beautiful to an unbelievable extent.

Pattern: ใ€œใฐใ€œใปใฉ (the more... the more...)
ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ™ใ‚‹ใปใฉใ€้›ฃใ—ใใชใ‚‹ใ€‚
The more you study, the more difficult it becomes.

2. ๏ฝžใฐใ‹ใ‚Š (nothing but, just)

Meaning: nothing but, only, just
Usage: Verb(ใฆ form) + ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š

Examples:
้Šใ‚“ใงใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Do nothing but play.

ๆ–‡ๅฅใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Do nothing but complain.

ๅคฑๆ•—ใ—ใฆใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใ ใ€‚
I do nothing but fail.

Special form: ใ€œใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Š (just finished)
ไปŠใ€่ตทใใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใ ใ€‚
I just woke up now.

3. ๏ฝžใใ‚Š/ใฃใใ‚Š (only, since then)

Meaning: only, and no more; since then
Usage: Noun/Number + ใใ‚Š, Verb(ใŸ) + ใใ‚Š

Examples:
ไธ€ๅบฆไผšใฃใŸใใ‚Šใ€้€ฃ็ตกใŒใชใ„ใ€‚
Since meeting once, there's been no contact.

ๅฝผใฏๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใŸใใ‚Šๅธฐใฃใฆใ“ใชใ„ใ€‚
He went out and hasn't come back since.

ใ“ใ‚Œใใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
This is all. (no more)

4. ๏ฝžใ‚ใพใ‚Š (so much that, excessive)

Meaning: so much that, due to excess
Usage: Verb(plain) + ใ‚ใพใ‚Š, Noun + ใฎ + ใ‚ใพใ‚Š

Examples:
ๅฌ‰ใ—ใ•ใฎใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ€ๆณฃใ„ใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใ€‚
I was so happy that I cried.

ๅฟƒ้…ใฎใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ€็œ ใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
I was so worried that I couldn't sleep.

้ฉšใใฎใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ€่จ€่‘‰ใŒๅ‡บใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
I was so surprised that words wouldn't come out.

๐Ÿ” State and Condition Patterns

5. ๏ฝžใพใพ (as it is, while)

Meaning: as it is, unchanged state, while
Usage: Verb(ใŸ) + ใพใพ, Noun + ใฎ + ใพใพ

Examples:
็ช“ใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใŸใพใพๅฏใŸใ€‚
I slept with the window open (left as is).

้ดใ‚’ๅฑฅใ„ใŸใพใพๅ…ฅใฃใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ€‚
You mustn't enter while wearing shoes.

ๅญไพ›ใฎใพใพใฎๅฟƒใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Has a child-like heart (unchanged from childhood).

6. ๏ฝžใฃใฑใชใ— (left in that state)

Meaning: left undone, left in that state (negative nuance)
Usage: Verb(masu stem) + ใฃใฑใชใ—

Examples:
้›ปๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฃใฑใชใ—ใซใ—ใŸใ€‚
I left the lights on.

ใƒ‰ใ‚ขใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใฃใฑใชใ—ใ ใ€‚
The door is left open.

ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใฃใฑใชใ—ใซใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Work is left spread out (messy).

7. ๏ฝžใคใค (while doing, although)

Meaning: while doing (formal), although
Usage: Verb(masu stem) + ใคใค

Examples:
้Ÿณๆฅฝใ‚’่žใใคใคใ€ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Study while listening to music.

ๆ‚ชใ„ใจ็Ÿฅใ‚Šใคใคใ€ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใ€‚
Although I knew it was bad, I did it.

ๆ™‚ไปฃใฏๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใคใคใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Times are changing (in progress).

8. ๏ฝžใŒใกใ  (tend to, apt to)

Meaning: tend to, have a tendency to (usually negative)
Usage: Verb(masu stem) + ใŒใกใ , Noun + ใŒใกใ 

Examples:
ๅฝผใฏ้…ๅˆปใ—ใŒใกใ ใ€‚
He tends to be late.

็—…ๆฐ—ใŒใกใงๅญฆๆ กใ‚’ไผ‘ใ‚€ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ„ใ€‚
I'm often sick and frequently absent from school.

้›จใฎๆ—ฅใฏๆ†‚้ฌฑใซใชใ‚ŠใŒใกใ ใ€‚
On rainy days, one tends to feel depressed.

๐Ÿ’ซ Emphasis and Limitation Patterns

9. ๏ฝžใซ้ŽใŽใชใ„ (nothing but, merely)

Meaning: nothing but, merely, only (downplaying)
Usage: Verb/Noun/Adj + ใซ้ŽใŽใชใ„

Examples:
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ†—่ซ‡ใซ้ŽใŽใชใ„ใ€‚
This is nothing but a joke.

ใใ‚Œใฏๅ™‚ใซ้ŽใŽใชใ„ใ€‚
That's merely a rumor.

็งใฏๅญฆ็”Ÿใซ้ŽใŽใชใ„ใ€‚
I'm merely a student.

10. ๏ฝžใซใ™ใŽใชใ„ vs ๏ฝžใ ใ‘ใ 

Similar but different nuance:

ใซ้ŽใŽใชใ„ (formal, downplaying):
ๅฝผใฏๅญไพ›ใซ้ŽใŽใชใ„ใ€‚
He's merely a child. (dismissive)

ใ ใ‘ใ  (neutral, simple limitation):
ๅฝผใฏๅญไพ›ใ ใ‘ใ ใ€‚
He's just a child. (neutral)

ใซ้ŽใŽใชใ„ is more formal and often used to 
diminish importance or significance.

11. ๏ฝžใ‚ใ‘ใ  (it means that, naturally)

Meaning: it means that, naturally follows, no wonder
Usage: Verb/Adj(plain) + ใ‚ใ‘ใ 

Examples:
ๅฝผใฏๅŒป่€…ใ ใ€‚ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใ‚ใ‘ใ ใ€‚
He's a doctor. That's why he's busy (naturally).

ๆฏŽๆ—ฅ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ€‚ไธŠๆ‰‹ใซใชใฃใŸใ‚ใ‘ใ ใ€‚
I practiced every day. No wonder I got better.

ใฟใ‚“ใช็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ๆœ‰ๅใชใ‚ใ‘ใ ใ€‚
Everyone knows. That's why it's famous.

Negative: ใ€œใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ (it doesn't mean that)
ๅซŒใ„ใชใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚
It doesn't mean I dislike it.

12. ๏ฝžใ‚ใ‘ใซใฏใ„ใ‹ใชใ„ (cannot afford to)

Meaning: cannot afford to, shouldn't
Usage: Verb(dictionary) + ใ‚ใ‘ใซใฏใ„ใ‹ใชใ„

Examples:
็ด„ๆŸใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่กŒใ‹ใชใ„ใ‚ใ‘ใซใฏใ„ใ‹ใชใ„ใ€‚
I made a promise, so I can't not go.

ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฎๅ‰ใงใ€ๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใใ‚ใ‘ใซใฏใ„ใ‹ใชใ„ใ€‚
I can't lie in front of the teacher.

่ฒฌไปปใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€้€ƒใ’ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใซใฏใ„ใ‹ใชใ„ใ€‚
I have responsibility, so I can't run away.

๐ŸŒŸ Expression and Appearance Patterns

13. ๏ฝžใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ (typical of, seems like)

Two main meanings:

1. Typical of, befitting (noun + ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„)
ๅฝผใฏ็”ทใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
He's manly (typical of a man).

ๆ˜ฅใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅคฉๆฐ—ใ ใ€‚
It's spring-like weather.

ๅญไพ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใ้Šใถใ€‚
Play like a child (in a childlike way).

2. Seems like, apparently (hearsay)
้›จใŒ้™ใ‚‹ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
It seems it will rain (I heard).

ๅฝผใฏๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
He seems to be busy (apparently).

14. ๏ฝžใฃใฝใ„ (seems like, -ish)

Meaning: seems like, -ish, has characteristics of
Usage: Noun + ใฃใฝใ„, Verb(masu stem) + ใฃใฝใ„

Examples:
ๅญไพ›ใฃใฝใ„ใ€‚
Childish.

ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฃใฝใ„ใ€‚
Forgetful (tends to forget).

ใ“ใฎ่‰ฒใฏ้’ใฃใฝใ„ใ€‚
This color is bluish.

ๆ€’ใ‚Šใฃใฝใ„ไบบใ ใ€‚
A person who gets angry easily.

15. ๏ฝžๆฐ—ๅ‘ณ (a touch of, slightly)

Meaning: a touch of, slightly (often negative/undesirable)
Usage: Noun + ๆฐ—ๅ‘ณ, Verb(masu stem) + ๆฐ—ๅ‘ณ

Examples:
้ขจ้‚ชๆฐ—ๅ‘ณใ ใ€‚
I have a slight cold.

ๅคชใ‚Šๆฐ—ๅ‘ณใ ใ€‚
I'm slightly overweight.

็–ฒใ‚Œๆฐ—ๅ‘ณใง่ชฟๅญใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใ€‚
I'm a bit tired and not feeling well.

๐Ÿ“š Advanced Combination Patterns

16. ๏ฝžใ‚ˆใ†ใŒใชใ„ (no way to, cannot possibly)

Meaning: no way to, cannot possibly
Usage: Verb(masu stem) + ใ‚ˆใ†ใŒใชใ„

Examples:
้€ฃ็ตกๅ…ˆใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€้€ฃ็ตกใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใŒใชใ„ใ€‚
I don't know the contact info, so there's no way to contact.

ใฉใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆŽขใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใŒใชใ„ใ€‚
I don't know where it is, so there's no way to search.

่ชฌๆ˜Žใงใใชใ„ใ€‚่จ€ใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใŒใชใ„ใ€‚
I can't explain it. There's no way to say it.

17. ๏ฝžใ–ใ‚‹ใ‚’ๅพ—ใชใ„ (cannot help but, have no choice but)

Meaning: cannot help but, have no choice but (formal)
Usage: Verb(negative stem) + ใ–ใ‚‹ใ‚’ๅพ—ใชใ„
Special: ใ™ใ‚‹ โ†’ ใ›ใ–ใ‚‹ใ‚’ๅพ—ใชใ„

Examples:
ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’่ชใ‚ใ–ใ‚‹ใ‚’ๅพ—ใชใ„ใ€‚
I have no choice but to acknowledge the facts.

่พž่ทใ›ใ–ใ‚‹ใ‚’ๅพ—ใชใ„็Šถๆณใ ใ€‚
It's a situation where I must resign.

ใ“ใฎๆกไปถใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ–ใ‚‹ใ‚’ๅพ—ใชใ„ใ€‚
I have no choice but to accept these conditions.

18. ๏ฝžใ‚’ใใฃใ‹ใ‘ใซ (triggered by, taking the opportunity)

Meaning: triggered by, taking the opportunity of
Usage: Noun + ใ‚’ใใฃใ‹ใ‘ใซ(ใ—ใฆ)

Examples:
ใ“ใฎไบ‹ไปถใ‚’ใใฃใ‹ใ‘ใซใ€ๆณ•ๅพ‹ใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใŸใ€‚
Triggered by this incident, the law changed.

ๅฝผใจใฎๅ‡บไผšใ„ใ‚’ใใฃใ‹ใ‘ใซใ€ไบบ็”ŸใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใŸใ€‚
Taking the opportunity of meeting him, my life changed.

็ตๅฉšใ‚’ใใฃใ‹ใ‘ใซใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใŸใ€‚
Taking marriage as the opportunity, I quit smoking.

๐Ÿ’ก Pattern Practice

Fill in the Blank

ๆถ™ใŒๅ‡บใ‚‹___ๅฌ‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
A. ใพใพ B. ใปใฉ C. ใใ‚Š D. ใ‚ใ‘
Answer: B. ใปใฉ (to the extent that)
I'm happy to the extent that tears come out.
้Šใ‚“ใง___ใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
A. ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š B. ใพใพ C. ใŒใก D. ใคใค
Answer: A. ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š (nothing but)
Do nothing but play.
้›ปๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘___ใซใ—ใŸใ€‚
A. ใŒใก B. ใฃใฑใชใ— C. ๆฐ—ๅ‘ณ D. ใฃใฝใ„
Answer: B. ใฃใฑใชใ— (left on)
I left the lights on.

Choose the Correct Pattern

็ด„ๆŸใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่กŒใ‹ใชใ„___ใ€‚
A. ใ‚ใ‘ใ  B. ใ‚ใ‘ใซใฏใ„ใ‹ใชใ„ C. ใปใฉใ 
Answer: B. ใ‚ใ‘ใซใฏใ„ใ‹ใชใ„
I made a promise, so I can't not go.
ๅฝผใฏๅŒป่€…ใ ใ€‚ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„___ใ€‚
A. ใ‚ใ‘ใ  B. ใ‚ใ‘ใซใฏใ„ใ‹ใชใ„ C. ใซ้ŽใŽใชใ„
Answer: A. ใ‚ใ‘ใ  (naturally)
He's a doctor. That's why he's busy (naturally).

๐ŸŽฏ Key Takeaways